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排序方式: 共有1674条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Yang Hu Stephanie M. Sjoberg Chunpen Chen Amber L. Hauvermale Craig F. Morris Stephen R. Delwiche Ashley E. Cannon Camille M. Steber Zhiwu Zhang 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2022,21(3):2105-2117
This review examines the application, limitations, and potential alternatives to the Hagberg–Perten falling number (FN) method used in the global wheat industry for detecting the risk of poor end-product quality mainly due to starch degradation by the enzyme α-amylase. By viscometry, the FN test indirectly detects the presence of α-amylase, the primary enzyme that digests starch. Elevated α-amylase results in low FN and damages wheat product quality resulting in cakes that fall, and sticky bread and noodles. Low FN can occur from preharvest sprouting (PHS) and late maturity α-amylase (LMA). Moist or rainy conditions before harvest cause PHS on the mother plant. Continuously cool or fluctuating temperatures during the grain filling stage cause LMA. Due to the expression of additional hydrolytic enzymes, PHS has a stronger negative impact than LMA. Wheat grain with low FN/high α-amylase results in serious losses for farmers, traders, millers, and bakers worldwide. Although blending of low FN grain with sound wheat may be used as a means of moving affected grain through the marketplace, care must be taken to avoid grain lots from falling below contract-specified FN. A large amount of sound wheat can be ruined if mixed with a small amount of sprouted wheat. The FN method is widely employed to detect α-amylase after harvest. However, it has several limitations, including sampling variability, high cost, labor intensiveness, the destructive nature of the test, and an inability to differentiate between LMA and PHS. Faster, cheaper, and more accurate alternatives could improve breeding for resistance to PHS and LMA and could preserve the value of wheat grain by avoiding inadvertent mixing of high- and low-FN grain by enabling testing at more stages of the value stream including at harvest, delivery, transport, storage, and milling. Alternatives to the FN method explored here include the Rapid Visco Analyzer, enzyme assays, immunoassays, near-infrared spectroscopy, and hyperspectral imaging. 相似文献
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Ciofi C. Crupi F. Pace C. Scandurra G. 《IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement》2003,52(5):1533-1536
Low-frequency noise measurements represent an interesting investigation technique for the characterization of the quality and reliability of microelectronic materials and devices. Performing meaningful noise measurements at low and very low (f<1 Hz) frequencies, however, may be quite challenging, particularly because of the many sources of interference that superimpose on the noise signal. For this reason, packaged samples are preferred because they allow accurate shielding from the external environment, and because keeping the sample in close proximity to the low-noise biasing system and amplifier reduces microphonic and electromagnetic disturbances. Notwithstanding this, the possibility of performing low-frequency noise measurements at wafer level would be quite interesting, both because of the ease of obtaining wafer-level samples from industries with respect to packaged samples, and because this would avoid possible packaging-process induced device degradation. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate that it is, in fact, possible to design and build a dedicated probe system for performing high-sensitivity, low-frequency noise measurements on metal-oxide-semiconductor devices at wafer level. 相似文献
4.
Silverberg Koerner Susan; Wallace Sara; Jacobs Lehman Stephanie; Lee Sun-A; Escalante Kristine A. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,18(1):46
This study addressed two main questions: (a) Are adolescent sons and daughters exposed to sensitive maternal disclosures after divorce with similar frequency and in similar detail? and (b) Does gender act as a moderator in the association between maternal disclosures and adolescent adjustment difficulties? Forced-choice and open-ended data were collected from 194 adolescents within 2 years after their parents' divorce. Quantitative analyses revealed that although the majority of adolescents experience some level of maternal disclosure, neither frequency nor detail of maternal disclosure differed as a function of adolescent gender. Frequent and detailed maternal disclosures were associated with adolescent adjustment difficulties, primarily psychological distress. Gender did not moderate that significant association. Qualitative analysis shed light on the link between maternal disclosures and adolescent distress, suggested the importance of how disclosures are made, and revealed several gender differences in reactions to maternal disclosures. Implications of the findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
5.
Alia-Klein Nelly; Goldstein Rita Z.; Tomasi Dardo; Zhang Lei; Fagin-Jones Stephanie; Telang Frank; Wang Gene-Jack; Fowler Joanna S.; Volkow Nora D. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,7(4):735
Reports an error in "What is in a word? No versus Yes differentially engage the lateral orbitofrontal cortex" by Nelly Alia-Klein, Rita Z. Goldstein, Dardo Tomasi, Lei Zhang, Stephanie Fagin-Jones, Frank Telang, Gene-Jack Wang, Joanna S. Fowler and Nora D. Volkow (Emotion, 2007[Aug], Vol 7[3], 649-659). The supplemental materials link should appear as follows: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.3.649.supp. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2007-11660-018.) The words "No" and "Yes" are involved in conditioning to prohibit or encourage behavior, respectively. The authors, therefore, hypothesized that these words would be attributed to endogenous valence, activating neuronal circuits involved with valence and emotional control. Functional MRI (fMRI) at 4 Tesla was used to record regional brain activity while participants were exposed to emphatic vocalizations of the words. Results showed that No and Yes were associated with opposite brain-behavior responses; while No was negatively valenced, produced slower response times, and evoked a negative signal in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), Yes was positively valenced, produced faster response times, and evoked a positive signal in a contiguous region of the OFC. Attribution of negative valence to No and trait anger control were associated with increased responsivity of the OFC to No. Inasmuch as sensitivity to the prohibitive command No develops during childhood through interaction with primary caregivers as the first social objects, our findings may implicate the lateral OFC in the neurobiology of emotion regulation and subsequent social development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
6.
Lash Steven J.; Stephens Robert S.; Burden Jennifer L.; Grambow Steven C.; DeMarce Josephine M.; Jones Mark E.; Lozano Brian E.; Jeffreys Amy S.; Fearer Stephanie A.; Horner Ronnie D. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,21(3):387
Although continuing care is strongly related to positive treatment outcomes for substance use disorder (SUD), participation rates are low and few effective interventions are available. In a randomized clinical trial with 150 participants (97% men), 75 graduates of a residential Veterans Affairs Medical Center SUD program who received an aftercare contract, attendance prompts, and reinforcers (CPR) were compared to 75 graduates who received standard treatment (STX). Among CPR participants, 55% completed at least 3 months of aftercare, compared to 36% in STX. Similarly, CPR participants remained in treatment longer than those in STX (5.5 vs. 4.4 months). Additionally, CPR participants were more likely to be abstinent compared to STX (57% vs. 37%) after 1 year. The CPR intervention offers a practical means to improve adherence among individuals in SUD treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
7.
Emergency department status boards: user-evolved artefacts for inter- and intra-group coordination 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Robert L. Wears Shawna J. Perry Stephanie Wilson Julia Galliers James Fone 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2007,9(3):163-170
Large, easily viewed status boards are commonly used in some healthcare settings such as emergency departments, operating
theaters, intensive care units, and inpatient wards. Because these artefacts were developed by front-line users, and have
little to no supervisory or regulatory control, they offer valuable insights into the theories of work and hazard held by
those users. Although the status boards case were locally developed over many years for within-group coordination, they have
also become useful for between-group coordination across organizational boundaries. In this paper, we compare and contrast
the use of such status boards in two disparate settings: a US emergency department, and a UK pediatric ward, and note striking
similarities in their form and usage, despite the large differences in setting. 相似文献
8.
The development of autonomous mobile machines to perform useful tasks in real work environments is currently being impeded
by concerns over effectiveness, commercial viability and, above all, safety. This paper introduces a case study of a robotic
excavator to explore a series of issues around system development, navigation in unstructured environments, autonomous decision
making and changing the behaviour of autonomous machines to suit the prevailing demands of users. The adoption of the Real-Time
Control Systems (RCS) architecture (Albus, 1991) is proposed as a universal framework for the development of intelligent systems. In addition it is explained how the use
of Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) (Kaelbling et al., 1998) can form the basis of decision making in the face of uncertainty and how the technique can be effectively incorporated into
the RCS architecture. Particular emphasis is placed on ensuring that the resulting behaviour is both task effective and adequately
safe, and it is recognised that these two objectives may be in opposition and that the desired relative balance between them
may change. The concept of an autonomous system having “values” is introduced through the use of utility theory. Limited simulation
results of experiments are reported which demonstrate that these techniques can create intelligent systems capable of modifying
their behaviour to exhibit either ‘safety conscious’ or ‘task achieving’ personalities. 相似文献
9.
Beutler Larry E.; Williams Rebecca E.; Wakefield Phylis J.; Entwistle Stephanie R. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,50(12):984
Literature suggests that a complex and often hostile relationship exists between the science and practice of clinical psychology. Contributors to this conflict of viewpoints are reconsidered within the proposition that there are different roads to discovery and that there may be good reasons to keep the science and practice of clinical psychology somewhat separate. Results of a national survey of 325 psychologists are reviewed that support the view that psychological practitioners value research and consider their practices to be augmented by scientific findings. However, they are in need of vehicles of communication that will help them translate scientific findings into practice. Results suggest that practitioners do more to understand scientific findings than scientists do to understand the problems that face clinical practitioners. Ways to facilitate communication between and among these groups are considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
10.
Carl Bruch Stephanie Altman Mishkat Al-Moumin Jessica Troell Elana Roffman 《国际水资源开发杂志》2007,23(4):595-624
For millennia, countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region have developed laws, regulations and other rules to govern their scarce water. These laws have been updated in recent years. This review of the legal frameworks (including regulations, decrees and other rules) reveals both progress and gaps in managing water quality, water quantity and procedural aspects. Of note, while the general frameworks are usually in place, in many instances the necessary details are lacking to give effect to the goals. However, in some instances the legal frameworks governing water lack certain key principles or approaches. In order to effectively meet the growing demands on their water resources, MENA countries will need to further strengthen and develop their legal frameworks. 相似文献