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1.
Stirling W.C. Frost R.L. 《IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetics. Part C, Applications and reviews》2005,35(4):533-543
Social utilities account for agent preferences and, thus, can characterize complex interrelationships, such as cooperation, compromise, negotiation, and altruism, that can exist between agents. Satisficing game theory, which is based on social utilities, offers a framework within which to design sophisticated multiagent systems. Key features of this approach are: a) an N-agent system may be represented by a 2N-dimensional Bayesian network, called a praxeic network; b) the theory accommodates a notion of situational altruism (a willingness to defer to others in a controlled way if so doing would actually benefit others under the condition that others wish to take advantage of such largesse); and c) satisficing games admits a protocol for effective negotiation between agents who, though interested in their own welfare, are also willing to give some deference to others. Three applications are presented. The first two involve well-known two-person games: the Prisoner's Dilemma and the Battle of the Sexes, and the third is a simulated uninhabited aerial vehicle scenario. 相似文献
2.
The magnetic multipole line-cusp device developed by MacKenzie and associates has been adapted for use as a neutral beam ion source. It has produced high-density, large volume, quiescent, uniform hydrogen plasmas, which makes it a potential candidate for use as a plasma generator for neutral beam injectors. The device is a water-cooled cylindrical copper discharge chamber (25 cm in diameter by 36 cm long) with one end enclosed by a set of extraction grids with a 15-cm-diam multi-aperture pattern. The chamber wall serves as an anode and is surrounded by an external system of rare-earth cobalt magnets arranged in a line-cusp geometry of 12 cusps; plasma is produced by electron emission from a hot cathode assembly. This source has achieved extracted beam currents of 12 A at 18.5 kV, radial plasma density uniformities of +/-5% over a 15-cm diameter, noise levels of less than +/-0.5%, and arc efficiencies (beam current/arc power) of 0.6 A/kW. 相似文献
3.
The effect of temperature was investigated on the rapid pyrolysis of Prince, Lingan and No. 26 coals in the temperature range of 525° to 750°C using a 600 cm high stainless-steel free fall reactor at atmospheric pressure.
The yields of char, condensibles and gaseous products were determined at 25°C intervals. Gaseous products were analysed for H2, CO, CO2, CH4 and C2+.
Volatile product (condensible and gas) yields exceeded the volatile product in the A.S.T.M. methods at and above 700°C.
Some experiments using Prince coal were repeated at reduced pressure (50 mm mercury) in both the 600 cm height stainless-steel and a 140 cm height quartz reactor in order to find out the effect of pressure and retention time.
The experimental results indicated that the condensable yield was higher at the lower pressure and at the shorter retention time. The effect of retention time was far more pronounced. 相似文献
The yields of char, condensibles and gaseous products were determined at 25°C intervals. Gaseous products were analysed for H2, CO, CO2, CH4 and C2+.
Volatile product (condensible and gas) yields exceeded the volatile product in the A.S.T.M. methods at and above 700°C.
Some experiments using Prince coal were repeated at reduced pressure (50 mm mercury) in both the 600 cm height stainless-steel and a 140 cm height quartz reactor in order to find out the effect of pressure and retention time.
The experimental results indicated that the condensable yield was higher at the lower pressure and at the shorter retention time. The effect of retention time was far more pronounced. 相似文献
4.
M. J. Playne Anna C. Stirling P. McDonald 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1967,18(1):19-20
The organic acid composition of aseptically-grown timothy grass (Phleum pratense) was examined. Changes in organic acids of the grass during incubation in small test tubes with and without the addition of lactic acid bacteria were studied. Malic acid, a major acid of the grass, was broken down during incubation mainly by the activity of bacterial enzymes. The amount of succinic acid was increased by the action of both plant and bacterial enzymes. Citric acid was not detected in the aseptically-grown timothy grass but two unidentified acids formed a major part of the total organic acid fraction. 相似文献
5.
Ryan PM Whealton JH Davis RC Stirling WL Tsai CC 《The Review of scientific instruments》1979,50(9):1160-1161
A sciopticon based on the pinhole-camera effect is being used to determine individual beamlet contributions to the quality of neutral beams extracted from multiaperture ion sources. The technique outlined in this note can be used to study the effects on beam optics of nonhomogeneous source plasma density or acceleration gap nonuniformities, grid nonparallelism or aperture misplacement, and space-charge blowup or scattering in the neutralizer cell. 相似文献
6.
J. V. Pearce R. T. Azuah W. G. Stirling R. M. Dimeo P. E. Sokol M. A. Adams 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2001,124(5-6):573-586
New measurements of the roton excitations in superfluid 4He have been made using the IRIS spectrometer (energy resolution 20
eV at the roton energy) at the ISIS spallation neutron source. The roton energy was determined over a temperature range of 0.56 to 1.61 K. High resolution (energy resolution <1
eV) neutron inelastic scattering measurements by Andersen et al.2 of the dependence of the 4He roton energy on temperature have shown significant deviations from the expected behaviour; the temperature variation was found to be discontinuous and slower than predicted by the established roton-roton interaction theory due to Bedell, Pines and Zawadowski (BPZ).
3
We find that our results can be described well by the BPZ theory over this temperature range and we do not observe the anomalous behaviour reported by Andersen et al. We offer some explanations as to the origin of this apparent disagreement. 相似文献
7.
M.S. Zakynthinaki J.R. Stirling C.A. Cordente Martínez J. Sampedro Molinuevo 《Computer Physics Communications》2008,179(8):562-568
We demonstrate the successful application of ALOPEX stochastic optimization to the problem of calculating the optimal critical curve in a dynamical systems model of the process of regaining balance after perturbation from quiet stance. Experimental data provide the time series of angles for which the subjects were able to regain balance after an initial perturbation. The optimal critical curve encloses all data points and has a minimum distance from the border points of the data set. We demonstrate the results of the optimization firstly using the traditional cost function of chi-square distance. We then successfully introduce a modified cost function that fits the model to the experimental data by taking into account the specific requirements of the model. By use of the proposed cost function, combined with the efficiency of our optimization method, an optimal critical curve is calculated even in the cases of very asymmetric data sets that lie within the capabilities of the existing model. 相似文献
8.
9.
GW Muller MG Shire LM Wong LG Corral RT Patterson Y Chen DI Stirling 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,8(19):2669-2674
N-Phthaloyl 3-amino-3-arylpropionic acid analogs of thalidomide that are potent inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha are reported. These compounds were found to be potent inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4. 相似文献
10.