The dispersive boundary condition applied to nonuniform orthogonalmeshes

The dispersive boundary condition (DBC) is a versatile boundary condition in that it can be used for radiation problems as well as for guided-wave problems. The DBC is applied to nonuniform meshes and various implementations are reported. Stability issues are discussed and numerical results are presented for a microstrip line and for a point source radiator. Error analysis is carried out in the time and frequency domains     

Heart rate variability, norepinephrine and ECG changes in subarachnoid hemorrhage patients

We have studied Pbs21, a major ookinete surface protein of Plasmodium berghei, for the development of a model transmission blocking immunogen. In the mouse, recombinant Pbs21 expressed in the Escherichia coli expression system (EcrPbs21) is not as effective in inducing transmission blocking antibodies as native Pbs21 (nPbs21), possibly because of differences in post-translational processing between EcrPbs21 and nPbs21. In an attempt to improve the efficacy of the recombinant molecule, we describe here the use of a baculovirus expression vector system in the silkworm Bombyx mori. Following an injection of recombinant baculovirus containing Pbs21 cDNA, B. mori larvae produced recombinant Pbs21 (BmrPbs21) with a molecular weight indistinguishable from nPbs21. Fifty micrograms of BmrPbs21 could be purified from the hemolymph of each infected larva using affinity chromatography. Immunization of Balb/c mice with BmrPbs21 induced high anti-BmrPbs21 and anti--ookinete antibodies but low anti-EcrPbs21 antibody. In contrast, EcrPbs21 induced high anti--EcrPbs21 antibody but low anti-BmrPbs21 and anti-ookinete antibodies. This suggests that most B-cell epitopes on nPbs21 are conformational and that many of the linear epitopes in EcrPbs21 are not normally exposed in nPbs21. Oocyst formation in Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes, which fed on mice immunized with purified BmrPbs21 and infected with P. berghei, was blocked by 85.5-97.1%. These results suggest that the baculovirus-silkworm system produces useful quantities of recombinant Pbs21 which in limited studies is structurally and immunogenically indistinguishable from the native molecule.     

A one-hop opportunistic network coding algorithm for wireless mesh networks

This paper proposes a Bearing Opportunistic Network (BON) coding procedure that operates in wireless multihop networks over multiple unicast sessions and it introduces very low overhead to the network. The BON coding is used to increase network performance in terms of a higher throughput and a lower delay. It can be seen as an independent layer in the communication stack, relying solely on information that is on the node itself. The proposed coding procedure is easy to implement and deploy. The performance evaluation of the BON coding procedure was performed in a dedicated simulation model. The comparison was made to the well-known network coding procedure COPE and the case where network coding is not used at all. Results show that BON coding increases the network goodput and decreases the delay in comparison to COPE and case where network coding is not used.     

Routing in ISL networks considering empirical IP traffic

Next-generation satellite networks are expected to provide a variety of applications with diverse performance requirements, which will call for the development of adaptive routing procedures supporting different levels of services. In this paper, we propose traffic class dependent (TCD) routing, which has the potential to differentiate between traffic classes using different optimization criteria in route calculation. The performance of TCD routing is evaluated for different traffic scenarios using an empirical traffic source model derived from the real backbone Internet traffic trace and compared with results obtained with equivalent Poisson traffic as a reference point. In addition, TCD routing is compared with a simple single service routing procedure, which does not make any distinction between traffic classes. Performance analysis, in terms of average packet delay, normalized data throughput, and normalized link load, reveals improved routing resulting from traffic class differentiation, regardless of the traffic scenario considered. The performance measures based of aggregate traffic flow show no significant difference between routing of empirical and equivalent Poisson traffic.