二维地震过障碍观测系统模式及其参数设计

在二维地震勘探中,为了避免因地表障碍物使地震反射剖面出现间断现象,需要改变观测系统设计,跨越障碍物(江河、城镇等),以保证反射同相轴能连续追踪对比。在以往地震勘探中,有时因过障碍观测系统设计不合理,不但增加勘探费用,而且影响采集质量。因此只有科学合理地设计过障碍观测系统模式和参数,才能保证地震测线顺利通过障碍物,得到较好的障碍物下方的地震资料并降低勘探成本。为此本文在调查和研究大量野外实际的过障碍观测系统的基础上,总结归纳成三大类过障碍观测系统模式,并分析其特点和应用范围。采用图解法,推导出主要模式的跨越宽度、最小炮检距及最大炮检距等参数公式。采用这套过障碍观测模式不仅可以得到和障碍区两侧等质量的地震资料,而且可以有效地降低勘探成本。     

Learning market prices in real-time supply chain management

This paper proposes a model for dynamic pricing that combines knowledge of production capacity and existing commitments, reasoning about uncertainty and learning of market conditions in an attempt to optimise expected profits. In particular, the market conditions are represented as a set of probabilities over the success rate of product prices, and those prices are learned online as the market develops. The dynamic pricing model is integrated into a real-time supply chain management agent using the Trading Agent Competition Supply Chain Management game as a test framework. We evaluate the agent experimentally in competition with other supply chain agents, and demonstrate the benefits of incorporating more market data into the dynamic pricing mechanism.     

Cost-Based Filtering Techniques for Stochastic Inventory Control Under Service Level Constraints

This paper¹ considers a single product and a single stocking location production/inventory control problem given a non-stationary stochastic demand. Under a widely-used control policy for this type of inventory system, the objective is to find the optimal number of replenishments, their timings and their respective order-up-to-levels that meet customer demands to a required service level. We extend a known CP approach for this problem using three cost-based filtering methods. Our approach can solve to optimality instances of realistic size much more efficiently than previous approaches, often with no search effort at all. This work was supported by Science Foundation Ireland under Grant No. 03/CE3/I405 as part of the Centre for Telecommunications Value-Chain-Driven Research (CTVR) and Grant No. 00/PI.1/C075. ¹This paper is an extended version of [19].     

塔中地区奥陶系烃源岩显微荧光特征及排烃期

通过对塔中１２井奥陶系碳酸盐岩的显微荧光特征分析并结合成岩作用研究，认为塔中地区奥陶系烃源岩有二次排烃期和较高的生烃潜量，第一次排烃发生在早成岩阶段以低成熟的重烃排出为主；第二次发生在晚成岩阶段以成熟的轻烃排出为主。此外，对排烃时间与相应的构造运动关系进行了尝试性探讨：下奥陶统烃源岩第一期排烃发生在加里东运动中期；中－上奥陶统烃源岩第一期排烃发生在晚海西运动前后；两层系的第二期排烃均发生在喜马拉雅期至今。     

Modelling and solving English Peg Solitaire

Peg Solitaire is a well known puzzle, which can prove difficult despite its simple rules. Pegs are arranged on a board such that at least one ‘hole’ remains. By making draughts/checkers-like moves, pegs are gradually removed until no further moves are possible or some goal configuration is achieved. This paper considers the English variant, consisting of a board in a cross shape with 33 holes. Modelling Peg Solitaire via constraint or integer programming techniques presents a considerable challenge and is examined in detail. The merits of the resulting models are discussed and they are compared empirically. The sequential nature of the puzzle naturally conforms to a planning problem, hence we also present an experimental comparison with several leading AI planning systems. Other variants of the puzzle, such as ‘Fool's Solitaire’ and ‘Long-hop’ Solitaire are also considered.     

基于广义S变换的吸收衰减梯度检测

利用时频分析可以对地震波进行时频分解,进而获得地震波高频段吸收衰减梯度,用于油气检测。然而当地震记录中高频干扰较强时,高频段时频谱的吸收衰减梯度并不能很好反映真实的吸收衰减情况。本文提出利用目前时频分辨能力较高的广义S变换求取地震波低频段时频谱的衰减梯度,并与高频段的吸收衰减梯度进行对比,以期更好地指示油气。理论推导、数值模拟及实际应用结果表明:基于广义S变换的低频吸收衰减梯度可以与高频吸收衰减梯度相互佐证,更可靠地指示油气的存在。     

低密水泥浆在塔里木油田深井超深井中的应用

塔里木油田深井超深井漏失性地层的固井特点是，井深一般在5000m以上，油层套管固井环空间隙小，封固段长。为解决其固井问题，室内对低密度水泥浆进行了研究。经对减轻以及对低密度水泥配方的优选，得到2套低密度水泥浆配方，（1）中高温；低密度G级水泥；DiaceL－D为100：35－100：45；悬池剂D149，缓凝剂D081，降失水剂D158，减阻剂D80A,消泡剂D047；（2）高温；低密度G级水泥：DiaceL－D为100：35－100：45，悬浮剂OMEX－51S，缓凝剂HR－13L，降失水剂DiaceL－FL（液），消泡剂CDF－901或NF－4，实验表明，在不岂温度下，2套配方的沉降稳定性能都过关，且悬浮剂用量不大；温度由80℃上升到125℃时，不限水质配浆，水泥浆的稠化，流变和失水性能均好，现场2口井的ψ177.8mm尾管固井应用表明，该低密度水泥浆体秒适合塔里木油田深的窄环窄隙，长裸眼段固井。     

内外区同时压裂均质复合油藏产能分析

针对内外区同时压裂的复合油藏,建立并求解了多区复合油藏点源模型,求得了内外区同时压裂两区复合油藏的无因次递减产量的表达式,最后分析了裂缝及地层参数对实例井产能的影响。研究表明,当地层呈多区复合油藏分布时,压裂井裂缝半长越长,其初期产量不一定越高,这要取决于地层内外区渗透能力及内区半径大小,对此类油藏外区是否进行压裂应慎重。     

钻井堵漏用特种凝胶的流变性研究

特种凝胶是一种处理钻井恶性漏失的堵漏剂,它必须具备特殊的流变性才能满足封堵裂缝性及破碎性地层恶性漏失的要求.为此,用可控的HAAKE RS6000型流变仪锥板系统稳态测试了凝胶的流动曲线和黏度曲线,采用了多种经验本构模型拟合凝胶的流动曲线和黏度曲线,均获得了较高的相关系数.在此基础上对凝肢的黏弹性、黏温性以及触变性进行了研究.结果表明,黏弹性实验确定了凝胶的零剪切黏度数量级在102 Pa.s,且具有Burger模型蠕变回复曲线特征;通过密闭同轴旋转系统稳态测试凝胶的黏温性质确定了温度从室温上升到50℃时凝胶表现出轻微的升温增稠现象,当温度高于50℃时,凝胶的黏度温度曲线满足Arrhenius关系;用直观的触变环法测量了凝胶的触变性,凝胶的下行曲线始终低于凝胶的上行曲线,表明凝胶是一种剪切稀释流体,且随着温度升高,凝胶的剪切稀释作用有增强的趋势;凝胶的流变性足以满足解决裂缝性及破碎性地层恶性漏失的要求.