Multicast traffic scheduling in single-hop WDM networks with arbitrary tuning latencies

To accommodate the demands of quality of service (QoS) and multicast applications, a multicast QoS traffic-scheduling algorithm with tuning latency consideration in wavelength-division multiplexing star-coupled networks is provided in this paper. To furnish different levels of QoS, two classes of traffic are considered: constant bit rate and available bit rate (ABR). An effective bandwidth-normalization scheme for ABR traffic is also derived. We define the slot scanning problem in the connection-setup process as the maximum assignable slots (MAS) problem. We prove that the optimal solution of the MAS problem can be obtained in polynomial time. Owing to its high-order time complexity, we also propose two heuristics for the MAS problem. The performance of these strategies are evaluated and compared by simulations under different system parameters, such as number of wavelengths, traffic load, and tuning latency.     

The development of a 3D risk analysis method

Much attention has been paid to the quantitative risk analysis (QRA) research in recent years due to more and more severe disasters that have happened in the process industries. Owing to its calculation complexity, very few software, such as SAFETI, can really make the risk presentation meet the practice requirements. However, the traditional risk presentation method, like the individual risk contour in SAFETI, is mainly based on the consequence analysis results of dispersion modeling, which usually assumes that the vapor cloud disperses over a constant ground roughness on a flat terrain with no obstructions and concentration fluctuations, which is quite different from the real situations of a chemical process plant. All these models usually over-predict the hazardous regions in order to maintain their conservativeness, which also increases the uncertainty of the simulation results. On the other hand, a more rigorous model such as the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model can resolve the previous limitations; however, it cannot resolve the complexity of risk calculations. In this research, a conceptual three-dimensional (3D) risk calculation method was proposed via the combination of results of a series of CFD simulations with some post-processing procedures to obtain the 3D individual risk iso-surfaces. It is believed that such technique will not only be limited to risk analysis at ground level, but also be extended into aerial, submarine, or space risk analyses in the near future.     

Impulse Noise Correction in OFDM Systems

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, the impulse noise causes catastrophic accuracy degradation since the impulse noise affects all the subcarriers in a symbol due to the fast Fourier transform (FFT) operations at the receiver. Potential causes of impulse noise include erasure channel, power switching, and circuit failure in integrated circuits. In this paper, from a practical observation, a novel iterative impulse error correction scheme is proposed. This scheme is referred to as the impulse noise location and value search algorithm, which is based on the crucial observation of the relationship of the impulse noise and the symbol constellation. In a 512-FFT OFDM system at 25 dB additive white Gaussian noise signal-to-noise ratio, for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)-4 and QAM-8 modulation, simulation results show that our proposed novel scheme can effectively correct impulse errors that corrupt up to 20.7 % and 13.9 % of the received time-domain signal at known locations. In addition, without the knowledge of impulse noise location, the proposed scheme still can correct at least 9.96 % of the received time-domain signal for QAM-4 modulation.     

On Multicast Routing for Wavelength-Routed WDM Networks with Dynamic Membership

Future broadband networks must support integrated services and offer flexible bandwidth usage. In our previous work in [1], we explored the optical link control (OLC) layer on the top of optical layer that enables the possibility of bandwidth on-demand (BoD) service directly over wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks. Today, more and more applications and services such as video-conferencing software and Virtual LAN service require multicast support over the underlying networks. Currently, it is difficult to provide wavelength multicast over optical switches without optical/electronic conversions although the conversion takes extra cost. In this paper, based on the proposed wavelength router architecture (equipped with ATM switches to offer O/E and E/O conversions when necessary), a dynamic multicast routing algorithm is proposed to furnish multicast services over WDM networks. The goal is to join a new group member into the multicast tree so that the cost, including the link cost and the optical/electronic conversion cost, is kept as low as possible. The same algorithm can be applied to other wavelength routing architectures with redefinition of electronic copy cost. The effectiveness of the proposed wavelength router architecture as well as the dynamic multicast algorithm is evaluated by simulation.     

PN code-aided timing estimation,channel estimation and signal compensation in OFDM systems

In this paper, based on the correlation properties of the pseudo-random (PN) code, a scheme is proposed to achieve frame synchronization in the OFDM system. According to the estimated path delay time, the channel impulse response could be obtained with the proposed scheme. Then, based on the estimated channel response, the signal could be compensated through the one-tap frequency domain equalizer. Simulation results of the proposed frame synchronization scheme and channel estimation are presented in the paper. The miss probability of frame timing with the proposed frame synchronization scheme performs better than that with the moving average scheme and Beek's scheme. Besides, in the channel estimation, the estimator mean square error with the proposed algorithm is better than that with the algorithm using frequency domain pilots. Moreover, with the signal compensation by the estimated channel information, the frequency domain one-tap equalizer is used to improve the system performance.