Informal and formal requirements specification languages: bridgingthe gap

The differences between informal and formal requirements specification languages are noted, and the issue of bridging the gap between them is discussed. Using structured analysis (SA) and the Vienna development method (VDM) as surrogates for informal and formal languages, respectively, two approaches are presented for integrating the two. The first approach uses the SA model of a system to guide the analyst's understanding of the system and the development of the VDM specifications. The second approach proposes a rule-based method for generating VDM specifications from a set of corresponding SA specifications. The two approaches are illustrated through a simplified payroll system case. The issues that emerge from the use of the two approaches are reported     

Computer aided decision support system for mitral valve diagnosis and classification using depthwise separable convolution neural network

Multimedia Tools and Applications - The significance of mitral valve (MV) treatment is increasing recently because of an aging population. The computer vision-based acquisition and quantification...     

Long Duration Persistent Photocurrent in 3 nm Thin Doped Indium Oxide for Integrated Light Sensing and In-Sensor Neuromorphic Computation

Miniaturization and energy consumption by computational systems remain major challenges to address. Optoelectronics based synaptic and light sensing provide an exciting platform for neuromorphic processing and vision applications offering several advantages. It is highly desirable to achieve single-element image sensors that allow reception of information and execution of in-memory computing processes while maintaining memory for much longer durations without the need for frequent electrical or optical rehearsals. In this work, ultra-thin (<3 nm) doped indium oxide (In₂O₃) layers are engineered to demonstrate a monolithic two-terminal ultraviolet (UV) sensing and processing system with long optical state retention operating at 50 mV. This endows features of several conductance states within the persistent photocurrent window that are harnessed to show learning capabilities and significantly reduce the number of rehearsals. The atomically thin sheets are implemented as a focal plane array (FPA) for UV spectrum based proof-of-concept vision system capable of pattern recognition and memorization required for imaging and detection applications. This integrated light sensing and memory system is deployed to illustrate capabilities for real-time, in-sensor memorization, and recognition tasks. This study provides an important template to engineer miniaturized and low operating voltage neuromorphic platforms across the light spectrum based on application demand.     

An Efficient Security Framework for Trusted and Secure Routing in MANET: A Comprehensive Solution

Wireless Personal Communications - Secure routing of data in MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) is an important concern to save the network from various attacks such as blackhole attack, wormhole...     

Polyethers with phosphate pendant groups by monomer activated anionic ring opening polymerization: Syntheses,characterization and their lithium-ion conductivities

This paper describes the preparations and lithium-ion conductivities of various solid polymer electrolytes for potential use in high-energy density lithium-ion batteries. The ring opening polymerization of epoxides (M1–M6), catalyzed by Zn(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) complexes in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB), yielded polyethers (P1–P6) in which phosphates were attached as pendant groups. A reaction condition where Zn(II) catalyst used slightly excess to TBAB increased the polymerization rate remarkably and yielded the polyethers with higher molar masses in a short time. These polymerizations proceeded following a “monomer activated anionic ring opening polymerization” mechanism. These living like polymerizations also progressed according to “formation of polymer chain per initiator” model. The solid-state lithium-ion conductivities of these polymers were examined using lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). The conductivity of one of the solid polymer electrolytes with 40 wt% of LiTFSI was 5.2 × 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹ at room temperature and 2.9 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹ at 80 °C.     

Structural alterations in the workpiece by ultrasonic drilling

The surface integrity of glass workpieces in ultrasonic drilling was investigated. X-ray diffraction studies on glass workpieces drilled by ultrasonic machining revealed the apparent formation of a layer of crystalline material on the surface of the holes drilled, a hitherto unreported phenomenon.     

Separation of nickel from copper in ammoniacal/ammonium carbonate solution using ACORGA M5640 by selective stripping

Separation of nickel from copper in ammoniacal/ammonium carbonate solution using ACORGA M5640 by selective stripping was carried out. The influence of equilibration time, equilibrium pH and extractant concentration on the extraction of both the metals was studied. It was found that the copper extraction equilibrium was reached in a shorter time than the nickel extraction equilibrium. Nickel extraction decreases above an equilibrium pH of 9.0, while the extraction of copper remains unaffected by the changes in the equilibrium pH range of 7–10. Co-extraction, ammonia scrubbing and the selective stripping of copper and nickel were performed for a solution containing 3 g/l each of copper and nickel and 60 g/l ammonium carbonate. The extraction and the percentage stripping of copper and nickel were almost quantitative.     

The error performance of Gray encoded QPSK and 8-PSK schemes in afading channel with cochannel interference

Closed-form BER (bit error rate) expressions are derived for Gray-encoded QPSK (quadrature phase shift keying) and 8-PSK schemes using coherent detection in a slow Rayleigh fading narrowband channel with fading cochannel interference. Earlier work has been limited to deriving the approximate BER using the canonical Stein (1961) receiver concept. The symbol error rate (SER) for the QPSK scheme is also derived. The desired signal and the cochannel interferer are both PSK signals, modulated by different baseband pulses with identical signaling rate     

An approach to a unified theory of grammar and L forms

We present one approach within which the dissimilar developments of the grammar form and the L form theories can be unified. Our results also shed light on the inherent differences of parallel and sequential rewriting.     

Multiple mapping conditioning of velocity in turbulent jet flames

Multiple mapping conditioning (MMC) has emerged as a new approach to model turbulent reacting flows. This study revises the standard MMC closure for velocity in turbulent jet flows from linearity in the reference space to linearity in the composition space. This modeling amendment ensures that the standard velocity model in conditional moment closure studies can now be used for MMC computation as well. A simplified model for the velocity-dependence of MMC drift coefficients is derived without loss of generality and is implemented for the revised velocity closure. Modeling results have been corroborated against the Direct Numerical Simulation database of a spatially evolving, planar turbulent jet flame. The revised model shows marked improvement over standard MMC closure in predicting velocity statistics close to the nozzle.