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排序方式: 共有137条查询结果,搜索用时 17 毫秒
1.
Margarita A. Sazonova Vasily V. Sinyov Anastasia I. Ryzhkova Marina D. Sazonova Tatiana V. Kirichenko Victoria A. Khotina Zukhra B. Khasanova Natalya A. Doroschuk Vasily P. Karagodin Alexander N. Orekhov Igor A. Sobenin 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(2)
Chronic stress is a combination of nonspecific adaptive reactions of the body to the influence of various adverse stress factors which disrupt its homeostasis, and it is also a corresponding state of the organism’s nervous system (or the body in general). We hypothesized that chronic stress may be one of the causes occurence of several molecular and cellular types of stress. We analyzed literary sources and considered most of these types of stress in our review article. We examined genes and mutations of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and also molecular variants which lead to various types of stress. The end result of chronic stress can be metabolic disturbance in humans and animals, leading to accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, energy deficiency in cells (due to a decrease in ATP synthesis) and mitochondrial dysfunction. These changes can last for the lifetime and lead to severe pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. The analysis of literature allowed us to conclude that under the influence of chronic stress, metabolism in the human body can be disrupted, mutations of the mitochondrial and nuclear genome and dysfunction of cells and their compartments can occur. As a result of these processes, oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular stress can occur. Therefore, chronic stress can be one of the causes forthe occurrence and development of neurodegenerative diseases and atherosclerosis. In particular, chronic stress can play a large role in the occurrence and development of oxidative, genotoxic, and cellular types of stress. 相似文献
2.
Electrochemical cell current requirements for toxic organic waste destruction in Ce(IV)-mediated electrochemical oxidation process 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Vasily V. Kokovkin Sang Joon Chung Subramanian Balaji Manickam Matheswaran Il-Shik Moon 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2007,24(5):749-756
The electrochemical cell for cerium oxidation and reactor for organic destruction are the most important operation units for
the successful working mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) process. In this study, electrochemical cells with DSA electrodes
of two types, single stack and double stack connected in series, were used. The performances towards the electrochemical generation
of Ce(IV) in nitric acid media at 80 °C were studied. The current-voltage curves and cerium electrolysis kinetics showed the
dependence on number of cell stacks needed to be connected in series for the destruction of a given quantity of organic pollutant.
The presence of an optimum region for Ce(III) oxidation with a contribution of oxygen evolution, especially at low Ce(III)
concentration (high conversion ratios), was found. The cells were applied for the Ce(IV) regeneration during the organic destruction.
The cell and reactor processes were fitted in a simple model proposed and used to calculate the current needed in terms of
Ce(III) oxidation rate and the number of cell stacks required for maintaining Ce(IV)/Ce(III) ratio at the same level during
the organic destruction. This consideration was based on the kinetic model previously developed by us for the organic destruction
in the MEO process. 相似文献
3.
A multi‐tip scanning tunneling microscope (STM) specifically designed for charge transport measurements at the nanoscale is described. Complementing the instrument with a versatile measurement electronics creates a powerful tool to give insight into fundamental transport properties at the nanoscale. We demonstrate the capabilities of the instrument by measuring resistance profiles along freestanding GaAs nanowires, by the acquisition of nanoscale potential maps, and by the identification of an anisotropy in the surface conductivity at a silicon surface. 相似文献
4.
A. N. Nateprov V. Ch. Kravtsov V. Moshnyaga S. Schorr 《Surface Engineering and Applied Electrochemistry》2012,48(4):375-379
The crystal structure of YbCuZnSb2 has been determined for the first time by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It is shown that YbCuZnSb2 has a CaAl2Si2-type structure, space group is P-3m1, with the following unit cell parameters: a = 4.4394(1) and c = 7.4139(3) Å. Magnetic susceptibility measurements performed in the temperature range from 2 to 300 K show that ytterbium ions are found in a nonmagnetic 4f 14 ground state (Yb2+). YbCuZnSb2 exhibits p-type conductivity. The temperature dependence of the resistivity has a metallic character. The variations in the Cu/Zn ratio in the synthesized material occur without any disturbance of the structural type. This fact may confirm the existence of a solid solution between the YbZn2Sb2 and YbCuZnSb2 compounds. 相似文献
5.
Ana M. Fernandes Rita C. Pereira Jorge Sousa Bernardo B. Carvalho Joaquim M.F. dos Santos Vasily Kiptily Carlos M.B.A. Correia Carlos A.F. Varandas 《Fusion Engineering and Design》2012,87(12):2156-2160
The duration of a single plasma discharge in the next generation of fusion experiments will be much longer than in the present devices. Storing all raw data acquired in each discharge will be more difficult and the high rates achieved by the new digitizers are already contributing to storage overload. This gap can be mitigated by real time (RT) analysis and compression, using devices such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) capable to transfer and process data on the fly. However, to ensure a correct RT analysis, the FPGA algorithm must be adapted to the signal to be acquired. Since minor changes in signal shape may require significant algorithm modifications, it is important to know in advance the signal attributes. For that reason, the availability of more than one RT algorithm, especially during commissioning of new sub-systems and during campaigns with relevant changes in diagnostic conditions, is advantageous. This paper presents an implementation using two RT algorithms processing simultaneously, developed for the gamma-ray and hard X-ray diagnostics of the Joint European Torus (JET). Both algorithms perform pulse height analysis with pile-up rejection. While the first algorithm is suitable for Gaussian shaped pulses, the second is suitable for exponential signals. The algorithms are selectable by the user, during discharge configuration. Tests with radioactive sources made in JET are presented. 相似文献
6.
Anastasia V. Poznyak Vasily N. Sukhorukov Alexander Zhuravlev Nikolay A. Orekhov Vladislav Kalmykov Alexander N. Orekhov 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(3)
For more than a decade, atherosclerosis has been one of the leading causes of death in developed countries. The issue of treatment and prevention of the disease is especially acute. Despite the huge amount of basic and clinical research, a significant number of gaps remain in our understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and only their closure will bring us closer to understanding the causes of the disease at the cellular and molecular levels and, accordingly, to the development of an effective treatment. One of the seemingly well-studied elements of atherogenesis is the mTOR signaling pathway. However, more and more new details are still being clarified. Therapeutic strategies associated with rapamycin have worked well in a number of different diseases, and there is every reason to believe that targeting components of the mTOR pathway may pay off in atherosclerosis as well. 相似文献
7.
Elena R. Andrievskaya Lidia M. Lopato Vasily P. Smirnov 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1996,79(3):714-720
A mathematical model of the liquidus surface based on a reduced polynomial method was proposed for the system HfO2 -Y2 O3 -Er2 O3 . The results of calculations according to this model agree fairly well with the experimental data. Phase equilibria in the system HfO2 -Y2 O3 -Er2 O3 were studied on melted (as-cast) and annealed samples using X-ray diffraction (at room and high temperatures) and micro-structural and petrographic analyses. The crystallization paths in the system HfO2 -Y2 O3 -Er2 O3 were established. The system HfO2 -Y2 O3 -Er2 O3 is characterized by the formation of extended solid solutions based on the fluorite-type (F) form of HfO2 and cubic (C) and hexagonal (H) forms of Y2 O3 and Er2 O3 . The boundary curves of these solid solutions have the minima at 2370°C (15. 5 mol% HfO2 , 49. 5 mol% Y2 O3 ) and 2360°C (10. 5 mol% HfO2 , 45. 5 mol% Y2 O3 ). No compounds were found to exist in the system investigated. 相似文献
8.
Roman A. Sidorov Vasily P. Pchelkin Anatoly V. Zhukov Andrei G. Vereshchagin Vladimir D. Tsydendambaev 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2014,91(12):2053-2063
Positional‐species composition (PSC) of 1,2,3‐triacyl‐sn‐glycerols (TAG) from the arils of mature fruits of 13 species of Euonymus L. genus was established. The residues of six major fatty acids (FA), palmitic, stearic, hexadecenoic (H), octadecenoic (O), linoleic (L), and linolenic, were present in the TAG. PSC of TAG was determined by their partial lipase hydrolysis. By using hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses, it was definitely demonstrated that separate taxonomic units forming this genus were significantly distinguished as regards PSC of TAG. In particular, the Euonymus subgenus greatly exceeded the Kalonymus subgenus in both total content of L in TAG and in the rate of its incorporation into their mid‐position, while TAG of Kalonymus were marked by a prevalence of O‐TAG and sn‐2‐O isomers. Thus, these subgenera were significantly distinct in the rate of incorporation of O and L residues in the sn‐2 position of TAG molecules. Meanwhile, the TAG from the Euonymus section species were marked by an enhanced concentration of H and the incorporation of H in UUU TAG was much more active than in other TAG types. As for positional‐type composition of TAG, saturated FA were always virtually absent in the sn‐2 position of Euonymus aril TAG. 相似文献
9.
A physically-based model is presented for the simulation of a new type of deformable objects-inflatable objects, such as shaped balloons, which consist of pressurized air enclosed by an elastic surface. These objects have properties inherent in both 3D and 2D elastic bodies, as they demonstrate the behaviour of 3D shapes using 2D formulations. As there is no internal structure in them, their behaviour is substantially different from the behaviour of deformable solid objects. We use one of the few available models for deformable surfaces, and enhance it to include the forces of internal and external pressure. These pressure forces may also incorporate buoyancy forces, to allow objects filled with a low density gas to float in denser media. The obtained models demonstrate rich dynamic behaviour, such as bouncing, floating, deflation and inflation. 相似文献
10.
The motion of dislocations in response to stress dictates the mechanical behaviour of materials. However, it is not yet possible to directly observe dislocation motion experimentally at the atomic level. Here, we present the first observations of the long-hypothesized kink-pair mechanism in action using atomistic simulations of dislocation motion in iron. In a striking deviation from the classical picture, dislocation motion at high strain rates becomes rough, resulting in spontaneous self-pinning and production of large quantities of debris. Then, at still higher strain rates, the dislocation stops abruptly and emits a twin plate that immediately takes over as the dominant mode of plastic deformation. These observations challenge the applicability of the Peierls threshold concept to the three-dimensional motion of screw dislocations at high strain rates, and suggest a new interpretation of plastic strength and microstructure of shocked metals. 相似文献