In this study, dilute chemical bath deposition technique has been used to deposit CdZnS thin films on soda-lime glass substrates. The structural, morphological, optoelectronic properties of as-grown films have been investigated as a function of different Zn2+ precursor concentrations. The X-ray diffractogram of CdS thin-film reveals a peak corresponding to (002) plane with wurtzite structure, and the peak shift has been observed with the increase of the Zn2+ concentration upon formation of CdZnS thin film. From morphological studies, it has been revealed that the diluted chemical bath deposition technique provides homogeneous distribution of film on the substrate even at a lower concentration of Zn2+. Optical characterization has shown that the transparency of the film is influenced by Zn2+ concentration and when the Zn2+ concentration is varied from 0 M to 0.0256 M, bandgap values of resulting films range from 2.42 eV to 3.90 eV while. Furthermore, electrical properties have shown that with increasing zinc concentration the resistivity of the film increases. Finally, numerical simulation validates and suggests that CdZnS buffer layer with composition of 0.0032 M Zn2+ concentration would be a promising candidate in CIGS solar cell. 相似文献
By exploiting new human-machine interface techniques, such as visual eyetrackers, it should be possible to develop more efficient visual multimedia services associated with low bandwidth, dynamic channel adaptation and robust visual data transmission. In this paper, we introduce foveation-based error resilience and unequal error protection techniques over highly error-prone mobile networks. Each frame is spatially divided into foveated and background layers according to perceptual importance. Perceptual importance is determined either through an eye tracker or by manually selecting a region of interest. We attempt to improve reconstructed visual quality by maintaining the high visual source throughput of the foveated layer using foveation-based error resilience and error correction using a combination of turbo codes and ARQ (automatic reQuest). In order to alleviate the degradation of visual quality, a foveation based bitstream partitioning is developed. In an effort to increase the source throughput of the foveated layer, we develop unequal delay-constrained ARQ (automatic reQuest) and rate compatible punctured turbo codes where the punctual pattern of RCPC (rate compatible punctured convolutional) codes in H.223 Annex C is used. In the simulation, the visual quality is significantly increased in the area of interest using foveation-based error resilience and unequal error protection; (as much as 3 dB FPSNR (foveal peak signal to noise ratio) improvement) at 40% packet error rate. Over real-fading statistics measured in the downtown area of Austin, Texas, the visual quality is increased up to 1.5 dB in PSNR and 1.8 dB in FPSNR at a channel SNR of 5 dB. 相似文献
A huge torrent of data traffic is generated from various heterogeneous applications and services at the Internet backbone. In general, at the backbone, all such applications and services are allocated spectral resources under a shared spectrum environment within elastic optical networks (EONs). In such a fully shared environment, connection requests (CRs) belonging to different traffic profiles compete for spectral resources. Hence, it is very challenging for network operators to resolve resource conflict that occur at the time of provisioning resources to such CRs. The heterogeneous traffic profile (HTP) considered in this work includes permanent lightpath demands (PLDs) and scheduled lightpath demands (SLDs). We propose various distance adaptive routing and spectrum assignment (DA-RSA) heuristics to resolve resource conflict among these two traffic profiles in EONs under a full sharing environment. Conventionally, preemption was the only technique to resolve such resource conflict among HTPs. Since preemption involves the overhead of selecting CRs to be preempted and then deallocating the resources given to those CRs, excessive preemption adversely affects the performance of the network. Therefore, in this work, we utilized bandwidth splitting as a solution to resolve resource conflict among HTPs under such a shared environment in EONs. Moreover, an integrated solution consisting of splitting and preemption is also proposed. We refer to this new integration as flow-based preemption. Our simulation results demonstrate that bandwidth splitting-based heuristics yield significant improvement in terms of the amount of bandwidth accepted in the network, link and node utilization ratio, number of transponders utilized and the amount of bandwidth dropped due to preemption. Moreover, the flow-based preemption approach is proved to be superior in performance amongst all proposed strategies.
Wireless Personal Communications - Secure routing of data in MANET (Mobile Ad-hoc Network) is an important concern to save the network from various attacks such as blackhole attack, wormhole... 相似文献
Applied Intelligence - The challenges raised by the massive data are being managed by the community through the advancements of infrastructure and algorithms, and now the processing of fast data is... 相似文献
Maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) is a standardized tool for measuring disease progression in patients with ALS. After normalization, summation, and averaging, it generates composite scores (CS) ("megascores"). In a cross-sectional study, these scores were highly correlated with "average strength" composite scores based on semi-quantitative manual motor testing (SQMMT): r = 0.697 (p < 0.0001). Each 10% difference in the raw SQMMT-CS corresponds to a 0.56 difference in the MVIC-CS (95% confidence limits [CL], 0.38, 0.74). Controlling for height (a highly significant covariate, p < 0.0001), each 10% difference in SQMMT-CS corresponds to a 0.39 difference in MVIC-CS (95% CL, 0.24, 0.54). 相似文献
In this paper, we investigate the robust exponential stability for stochastic reaction-diffusion uncertain fuzzy neural networks with mixed delays and Markovian jump parameters. By constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional and utilizing some inequality techniques, we obtain sufficient conditions for the exponential stability of the equilibrium solution. The obtained stability criteria can be easily checked by linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques. Finally numerical examples are provided to illustrate the obtained theoretical result. 相似文献
Air pollution tolerance of the plant Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre, as well as, its effect on metabolic activities of the plant was studied with reference to concentration of air
pollutants on comparative basis in selected sites around Udaipur city in polluted and unpolluted areas. The tree species being
very common in and around Udaipur city of Rajasthan, India as roadside plant. The quality of air in terms of RSPM, SPM, SO2 and NO2 on respective sites along with biochemical parameters of the leaves, i.e., chlorophyll content, total carbohydrate, total
protein, dust-capturing capacity, leaf size and enzyme activity were assessed in experimental sites. The data obtained were
further subjected to ANOVA, which gave significant values. Our studies confirm that industries are the prominent sources of
the elevated level of air pollutants that affect flora and health of local population. 相似文献
Wireless Personal Communications - Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) has been becoming an important method for feature dimension reduction in recent years since it can represent data with... 相似文献
We propose a generalized inhomogeneous Hirota–Maxwell–Bloch system which explains ultrashort optical pulse propagation in an inhomogeneous nonlinear, dispersive fiber doped with two-level resonant atoms. For this system, higher order effects like third-order dispersion and self-steepening are considered, which are assumed to be inhomogeneous together with group velocity dispersion and self-phase modulation. We have obtained a general solitary wave solution by using Lax pair and Bäcklund transformation techniques. We have analyzed various solitary wave forms like snaking solitons, classic solitons and compressed pulses by controlling the physical parameters and inhomogeneous functions. 相似文献