芬兰涂料工业走进新时代

芬兰的涂料市场在斯堪的纳维亚半岛(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)处于较低的地位,也就是说,那儿是一个成熟的市场,没有很大的发展潜力。在芬兰,有1000家以上的公司积极活跃在化工行业,但是,只有30家左右的公司从事涂料与油墨的生产。2002年,涂料产量占芬兰化学工业总产值的4%。根据芬兰涂料工业协会的统计,2002年涂料总销售量(包括出口量与非会员的销售量)上升至134920t,相应的产值是38000万欧元。涂料产品在芬兰的总的销售量估计在86460t或按人口计算平均每人16.6kg。1产出超过了国内的需求产出超过了国内的需求,而且部分国内的需求甚至…     

Experiences on data quality in automatic tissue classification

Automatic intensity-based tissue classification sets requirements for the quality of multispectral magnetic resonance (MR) images. Tests for evaluating the separability of tissue classes, and on the other hand class distances required to obtain reliable classification, are presented in this study. Intraslice, interslice and interpatient training schemes for 5-nn classification were considered. Interslice training was utilized in classification of images from 10 patients with ischemic stroke giving results of satisfactory but highly variable quality. Based on the experience with these data sets, similar tests are recommended before imaging a large patient series in order to avoid extra manual work and to obtain reliable classification results.     

Evolution and evaluation of a trainable cloud classifier

Neural network classifiers have recently been popular in image classification and remote sensing applications. In this paper a case study is reported, where the evolution started with a pure neural network based solution and reached a simplified classifier with a few neural network properties. This seems to be a typical evolution concerning neural networks. A multispectral cloud classifier was implemented to automate the interpretation of AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) images. It can be adapted to changing situations with new examples. This is a requirement in satellite image applications, hence changes in illumination, round the year, during day and night, and aging of electronics are possible. The classification is done in two phases, clouds are separated from the background and then only clouds are classified. The evaluation of the classifier is based on the comparison between the SYNOP observations and the satellite observations. Comparisons with other published results show that the classifier is working     

Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) from human and bovine cerebrovascular tissues: biochemical and immunohistological characterization

Girls actively training in sport (n=23) and girls not active in sport (n=26) were compared in terms of ages at peak height velocity (PHV) and menarche, the interval between ages at PHV and menarche, and ages at attaining stages of pubic hair and breast and the estimated duration of the stages. Subjects were longitudinally followed from about 11-18 years of age. Stature and weight were measured and stages of pubic hair and breast development were rated at approximately quarterly intervals between the initial observation and 14 years of age, at semiannual intervals until 16 years, and at irregular intervals subsequently. Age at menarche was obtained prospectively. The active girls trained 12 hours per week in rowing, track and swimming for an average of 3.9+/-1.2 years during puberty and the growth spurt. Longitudinal stature records for individual girls were fitted with kernel regression to estimate age at PHV (years). The interval between age at PHV and age at menarche was calculated. Ages at appearance of pubic hair and breast stages 3, 4 and 5 were calculated by back-interpolation, while intervals between stages 3 and 4 were calculated after log 10 transformation. Peak height velocity and menarche occur, on average, slightly later in girls active in sport, but the differences are not significant. The interval between PHV and menarche, PHV (cm/year), ages at attaining pubic hair and breast stages 3, 4 and 5, and estimated intervals between adjacent stages also do not significantly differ between girls actively training in sport and those not active in sport. Thus, regular training in sport during puberty and the adolescent spurt does not apparently influence the timing and progression of somatic and sexual maturation in girls.     

Use of chitosan complex with aminophosphonic groups and cobalt for the removal of Sr2+ ions

We briefly describe the adsorbent performance of the chitosan complex with aminophosphonic groups and cobalt in the removal process of Sr²⁺ ions from aqueous solutions. The strontium adsorption was studied as a function of pH, contact time, and initial strontium concentration. Adsorption isotherms such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubinin–Radushkevich, and Temkin were used to analyze the equilibrium data at different concentrations. The kinetics of the Sr²⁺ sorption was analyzed using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The results clearly indicate that the chitosan complex with aminophosphonic groups and cobalt is an efficient adsorbent with respect to its capacity to absorb Sr²⁺ ions from aqueous solutions.     

Joint optimization of phase diversity and adaptive optics: demonstration of potential

We study different possibilities to use adaptive optics (AO) and phase diversity (PD) together in a jointly optimized system. The potential of the joint system is demonstrated through numerical simulations. We find that the most significant benefits are obtained from the improved deconvolution of AO-corrected wavefronts and the additional wavefront sensor (WFS) information that reduces the computational demands of PD algorithms. When applied together, it is seen that the image error can be reduced by 20% compared to traditional PD, working with one focused and one defocused camera image, and the computational load is reduced by a factor of 20 compared to a more reliable PD algorithm requiring more camera images. In addition, we find that the system performance can be optimized by adjusting the magnitude of the applied diversity wavefronts.     

Influence of pyrometallurgical copper production on the environment

In this paper the influence of pyrometallurgical treatment of copper sulphide minerals and pyrite on the environment from the aspect of ambient air pollutions is considered. Results of emission of SO(2) and particulate matter from the location with the most pollution are presented. According to the results it could be seen that the Bor's citizen were exposed to the high concentration of SO(2) and arsenic which were found to be multiple over the Serbian legislative limits during 2007. Also, the reasons and consequences of this pollution were analysed.