掺钪AlN材料特性及HBAR器件性能研究

该文基于掺钪AlN薄膜制备了高次谐波体声波谐振器(HBAR),研究了钪(Sc)掺杂浓度对AlN压电薄膜材料特性及器件性能的影响。研究表明,当掺入Sc的摩尔分数从0增加到25%时,压电应力系数e₃₃增加、刚度 下降,导致Al₁-_xSc_xN压电薄膜的机电耦合系数 从5.6%提升至15.8%,从而使HBAR器件的有效机电耦合系数 提升了3倍。同时,当Sc掺杂摩尔分数达25%时,Al₁-_xSc_xN(x为Sc掺杂摩尔分数)压电薄膜的声速下降13%,声学损耗提高,导致HBAR器件的谐振频率和品质因数降低。     

Enhanced strains of Nb-doped BNKT-4ST piezoelectric ceramics via phase boundary and domain design

A strategy that constructs the morphotropic phase boundary and manipulates the domain structure has been used to design the component of 0.96[Bi_0.5(Na_0.84K_0.16)_0.5Ti_(1-x)Nb_xO₃]-0.04SrTiO₃ (BNKT-4ST-100xNb) to enhance the strain properties for actuator application. Non-equivalent Nb⁵⁺ donor doping modulates the phase transition from the mixture of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases to the pseudocubic phase and results in the coexistence of multiple phases. Moreover, the high-resolution TEM confirms the existence of polar nano regions that contribute to the macroscopic relaxor behaviour. The size of the domains is reduced with increasing Nb⁵⁺, resulting in an enhanced relaxor behaviour. The ferroelectric-relaxor transition temperature decreases from 85 to below 30 °C, implying a non-ergodic to ergodic relaxor transition. An improved strain of 0.56% and a giant normalized strain of 1120 pm/V were achieved for BNKT-4ST-1.5Nb, which were attributed to the unique domain structure in which nanodomains are embedded in an undistorted cubic matrix. Ferroelectric, antiferroelectric, and relaxor phases coexist. As the electric field is large enough, a reversible phase transition occurs. Furthermore, good temperature stability was obtained due to the stability of the nanodomains, and no degradation in strains was observed even after 10⁴ cycles, which may originate from the reversible phase transition and dynamic domain wall. The results show that this design strategy offers a reference way to improve the strain behaviour and that BNKT-4ST-100xNb ceramics could be a potential material for high-displacement actuator applications.     

Real-time molecular characterization of air pollutants in a Hong Kong residence: Implication of indoor source emissions and heterogeneous chemistry

Due to the high health risks associated with indoor air pollutants and long-term exposure, indoor air quality has received increasing attention. In this study, we put emphasis on the molecular composition, source emissions, and chemical aging of air pollutants in a residence with designed activities mimicking ordinary Hong Kong homes. More than 150 air pollutants were detected at molecular level, 87 of which were quantified at a time resolution of not less than 1 hour. The indoor-to-outdoor ratios were higher than 1 for most of the primary air pollutants, due to emissions of indoor activities and indoor backgrounds (especially for aldehydes). In contrast, many secondary air pollutants exhibited higher concentrations in outdoor air. Painting ranked first in aldehyde emissions, which also caused great enhancement of aromatics. Incense burning had the highest emissions of particle-phase organics, with vanillic acid and syringic acid as markers. The other noteworthy fingerprints enabled by online measurements included linoleic acid, cholesterol, and oleic acid for cooking, 2,5-dimethylfuran, stigmasterol, iso-/anteiso-alkanes, and fructose isomers for smoking, C₂₈-C₃₄ even n-alkanes for candle burning, and monoterpenes for the use of air freshener, cleaning agents, and camphor oil. We showed clear evidence of chemical aging of cooking emissions, giving a hint of indoor heterogeneous chemistry. This study highlights the value of organic molecules measured at high time resolutions in enhancing our knowledge on indoor air quality.     

Densification mechanism during reactive hot pressing of B4C-ZrO2 mixtures

The densification behaviors of pure B₄C and B₄C-ZrO₂ mixtures were compared during hot pressing. The results showed that in-situ formed ZrB₂ effectively enhanced the densification process of B₄C-ZrO₂ mixtures, more significantly during the intermediate stage. Within the relative density ranging from 0.75 to 0.90, the B₄C-15?wt%ZrO₂ mixture (B15Z) achieved the maximum densification rate as twice much as that of pure B₄C. The stress exponent n>3 indicated plastic deformation was the dominant densification mechanism of B15Z. The viscosities of plastic flow were evaluated using Murray-Rodger-William equation and the viscosity of B15Z was only a quarter of that in pure B₄C. The sintering activation energy was calculated to be 305.9?kJ/mol for pure B₄C and 197?kJ/mol for B15Z, respectively. It was proposed that the lower viscosity of plastic flow and activation energy accelerated the sliding and propagating motions of plastic flow, by which underlain the enhanced densification behaviors of B₄C-ZrO₂ mixtures.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of B4C-TiB2-SiC composites fabricated by ball milling and hot pressing

B₄C-TiB₂-SiC composites were fabricated via hot pressing using ball milled B₄C, TiB₂, and SiC powder mixtures as the starting materials. The impact of ball milling on the densification behaviors, mechanical properties, and microstructures of the ceramic composites were investigated. The results showed that the refinement of the powder mixtures and the removal of the oxide impurities played an important role in the improvement of densification and properties. Moreover, the formation of the liquid phases during the sintering was deemed beneficial for densification. The typical values of relative density, hardness, bending strength, and fracture toughness of the composites reached 99.20%, 32.84?GPa, 858?MPa and 8.21?MPa?m^1/2, respectively. Crack deflection, crack bridging, crack branching, and microcracking were considered to be the potential toughening mechanisms in the composites. Furthermore, numerous nano-sized intergranular/intragranular phases and twin structures were observed in the B₄C-TiB₂-SiC composite.     

高功率脉冲水中放电的应用及其发展

首先介绍了高功率脉冲水下放电的机理，然后综合论述了其应用和研究的状况，从较为成熟的脉冲水处理技术到医疗领域的ESWL应用技术，以及在脉冲电场食品杀菌和水下目标探测方面的最新发展和研究，最后指出了高功率脉冲电技术应用前景以及进行更系统和深入研究的必要性。     

载体比表面积及孔径对Nb_2O_5/α-Al_2O_3催化剂酸性及反应性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Nb2O5/α-A l2O3催化剂(简称催化剂)并用于环氧乙烷水合制乙二醇的反应,通过控制α-A l2O3载体中致孔剂的含量来调变载体的孔径、孔分布及比表面积;采用吡啶吸附红外光谱、氨程序升温脱附法研究了载体的比表面积及孔径对催化剂酸性及反应性能的影响。实验结果表明,产物的选择性受扩散因素及催化剂酸性的影响,而催化剂的酸量、酸密度可以通过载体的孔径及比表面积的变化加以调控。比表面积较小及孔径较大的载体对催化剂催化环氧乙烷水合制乙二醇的反应较为有利。当载体的比表面积小于0.80m2/g、孔径为4.00~8.00μm时,在反应温度160℃、反应压力1.5M Pa、n(H2O)∶n(EO)=22、液态空速25h-1的条件下,环氧乙烷的转化率大于99.8%,乙二醇的选择性超过89.9%。     

泡沫夹克管的防水与保温

针对辽河油田应用泡沫夹克管道的情况，从泡沫夹克管的制作和敷设施工直到设计等环节，结合泡沫夹克管防腐保温的机理，并从理论与实践相结合角度出发，提出导致泡沫夹克管腐蚀损坏的最主要原因是管道保温层漏水，进而提出了在设计和施工过程中提高泡沫夹克管质量的措施。     

基于规则的光学邻近矫正中规则的相关处理

讨论了如何选择适当的规则,如何建立简洁实用的规则库,如何应用规则库.提出了四种主要的光学邻近矫正规则,在实验结果中列举了规则库中的部分数据.利用规则矫正后的版图光刻得到的硅片图形有了明显的改善.规则库的自动建立部分 (OPCL)是基于规则的光学邻近矫正系统的重要组成部分.