德国并不是加热欧洲太阳能市场的唯一国家

据iSuppli公司,虽然德国作为新增太阳能安装之王获得了光伏(PV)市场的王冠,但欧洲其它国家也在扩大自己的2010年及未来光伏计划. 实际上,欧洲其它可以替代德国成为投资热点的地区大量涌现,意大利和法国的投资回报(ROI)就非常吸引人.iSuppli公司已经看到,大多数德国太阳能投资者涌向这些国家,以拓宽投资范围.     

On negative dispersion without absorption in bichromatically driven two-level systems

Abstract

The possibility of obtaining strong negative dispersion without absorption in the central resonance structure of the spectrum of a bichromatically driven two-level system is investigated. A nonlinear analysis is performed using the technique of continued fractions with respect to the dressedstate basis of a strong pumping laser. We discuss the transition between the two regimes of the monochromatic driving case with a weak probing laser and of nearly equally strong lasers in terms of the contributions from coherences and populations of these dressed states. In contrast with the strong dependence of the Rabi side bands on probe field intensity, we find a remarkable stability of the negative dispersion in the central resonance structure.     

Results from the ORPHEUS dark matter detector

The ORPHEUS dark matter detector consists of 450 g superconducting tin granules with diameters of 28 and 36 μm. The detector has been operating in the shallow site of the underground laboratory in Bern (70 m.w.e). First preliminary results on WIMP detection sensitivity will be presented.     

Mr imaging of avascular femoral head necrosis: pre- and postoperative studies

Forty-six patients with suspected avascular necrosis of the femoral head were examined by T2- and T1-weighted sequences before and after intravenous infusion of Gd-DTPA. Both sides were involved in 12 cases. The classification was done according to Ficat [1]. In early stages and in postoperative studies a correlation of signal intensity increase after infusion of Gd-DTPA and clinical symptoms was found. Contrast enhancement of the plain low signal intensity area or of the implanted graft on T1-weighted images was assumed vascularized or vital components in seven cases of Ficat I and in 13 postoperative studies. Contrawise, in seven patients with severe postoperative symptoms we found no contrast enhancement indicating avascular regions.     

Telencephalic connections in the Pacific hagfish (Eptatretus stouti), with special reference to the thalamopallial system

The pallium of hagfishes (myxinoids) is unique: It consists of a superficial "cortical" mantle of gray matter which is subdivided into several layers and fields, but it is not clear whether or how these subdivisions can be compared to those of other craniates, i.e., lampreys and gnathostomes. The pallium of hagfishes receives extensive secondary olfactory projections (Wicht and Northcutt [1993] J. Comp. Neurol. 337:529-542), but there are no experimental data on its nonolfactory connections. We therefore investigated the pallial and dorsal thalamic connections of the Pacific hagfish. Injections of tracers into the pallium labeled many cells bilaterally in the olfactory bulbs. Other pallial afferents arise from the contralateral pallium, the dorsal thalamic nuclei, the preoptic region, and the posterior tubercular nuclei. Descending pallial efferents reach the preoptic region, the dorsal thalamus, and the mesencephalic tectum but not the motor or premotor centers of the brainstem. Injections of tracers into the dorsal thalamus confirmed the presence of reciprocal thalamopallial connections. In addition, these injections revealed that there is no "preferred" pallial target for the ascending thalamic fibers; instead, ascending thalamic and secondary olfactory projections overlap throughout the pallium. The mesencephalic tectum and tegmentum, which receive afferents from a variety of sensory sources, are interconnected with the dorsal thalamus; thus, ascending nonolfactory sensory information may reach myxinoid pallia via a tectal-thalamic-telencephalic route. A comparative analysis of pallial organization reveals that the subdivisions of the pallium in gnathostomes (i.e., medial, dorsal, and lateral pallia) cannot be recognized with certainty in hagfishes.     

美国加州及其它地区的太阳能安装 保持良好势头 但2009年总体前景不佳

光伏发电(PV)亦难逃目前席卷全球的经济危机的牵连. 在欧洲、美国和其它地区,太阳能安装在2008年第四季度以前一直稳步增长,但如今面向商业客户和投资者集团的太阳能电厂债务融资已明显放慢.     

Picosecond pulse generation in a GaAs/GaAlAs single-quantum-welllaser at the first and second subband transition

Picosecond optical pulses are generated in a single-quantum-well laser at the n=2 or n=1 quantized transition by tuning the optical gain spectra via the intracavity losses. The results for the generated pulses are discussed with respect to the influence of differential gain (dg/dN) and nonlinear gain saturation (∈) effects     

Distribution of myocardial beta-adrenoceptor subtypes and coupling to the adenylate cyclase in children with congenital heart disease and implications for treatment

In congestive heart failure, down-regulation of myocardial beta-adrenoceptors (beta-AR) due to an elevated sympathetic tone is well known. In infancy and childhood, heart failure is usually related to congenital heart disease (CHD). Therefore, 71 samples of right atrial tissue of infants and children with CHD undergoing cardiac surgery were studied for beta-adrenoceptor density and distribution of the beta 1-/beta 2-AR subtypes. In 49 cases, the coupling of the beta-AR to the adenylate cyclase (AC) was examined. In a further study of 19 myocardial samples, AC was selectively stimulated with beta 1- or beta 2-AR whereas the other subtype was blocked by an antagonist. The following results were obtained: (1) Infants and children with severe acyanotic or cyanotic CHD had severely reduced beta-AR densities. (2) In most of the cases, the beta-AR down regulation is beta 1-subtype selective, but in critically ill newborns with congenital aortic valve stenosis or transposition of the great arteries, there is additional significant beta 2-AR down-regulation. In Fallot patients treated with the beta-antagonist propranolol, a significant increased beta-AR number compared with untreated Fallot patients was found. (3) beta-Adrenoceptor reduction in CHD is correlated with elevated noradrenaline plasma levels, thus proving a sympathetic dysregulation. (4) In CHD with moderate hemodynamic load, beta 2-AR coupling to AC was markedly more efficient than beta 1-AR coupling. The small number of myocardial beta 2-AR produced most of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate. (5) In severe acyanotic and cyanotic CHD, a partial decoupling of the beta 2-AR to the AC occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Evaluation of the potential of functionalised calcium carbonate as carrier for essential oils with regard to antimicrobial packaging applications

Functionalised calcium carbonates (FCCs) are inorganic mineral-based particles with a high porosity and extended surface area consisting of hydroxyapatite and calcium carbonate crystal structures. Therefore, FCCs have a high potential to be used as a carrier for active substances such as essential oils (EOs), which are well known for their antimicrobial activities, and control their release in antimicrobial packaging applications. In this study, different EOs were loaded on FCCs, and their antimicrobial activities were studied against Listeria innocua in in vitro tests and in food tests using sliced cooked chicken breast. FCCs loaded with thyme or oregano EO (10 wt%) showed the highest reduction in microbial load in in vitro tests at 37°C (≥8.6 log cfu/filter) as well as at 7°C after 6 days (≥7.0 log cfu/filter for thyme EO and 6.5 log cfu/filter for oregano EO). However, in food tests, FCC loaded with either EO did not show any significant antimicrobial activity. FCCs loaded with cinnamon or rosemary EO (10 wt%) did not show any significant antimicrobial activity in in vitro tests. On the other hand, they showed a significant reduction in microbial load (1.7 log cfu/g for cinnamon and 2 log cfu/g for rosemary) in food tests. Differences in antimicrobial activities in in vitro and food tests are probably due to the interaction of the components of the EOs and the components of the food such as fat and proteins.