Olympics and Urban Legacy in Sydney: Urban Transformations and Real Estate a Decade after the Games

The Olympic Games (OG) are an opportunity for cities to display themselves on the world stage. Cities from developed and developing countries present themselves to hold the Games, always with a double intention: to promote itself in the global arena and use this opportunity to stimulate urban changes. However, there are very few studies that analyze the urban legacy of the OG for the host cities, probably because it takes years for an urban legacy to become established, and when the time is right to analyze this legacy other OG are on the agenda. The aim of this paper is to analyze the urban legacy left by the 2000 OG in Sydney. Sydney has been chosen for this analysis because, as there have been no other major development projects for the Homebush Bay region since the 2000 OG, the impact of the Games can be measured, specifically regarding physical transformations, discussing what their real urban legacy is.     

废电子电气产品塑料可持续再生过程中的能量回收(上)

故障现象：制冷正常，但制热时烧熔丝。分析与检测：该空调安装好后，试机时只试了制冷状态，制冷工作正常，却未进行制热试机。后来用户想试一下制热，拨到制热挡，熔断器一开机就跳闸，等合上闸后整机就无任何反应了。最初分析也许是巧合，检查主控板上的熔丝已经烧了，随即更换上了一块线路板，试机制冷正常，但在制热状态立刻烧熔断，判断制热存在严重短路现象。即然制冷正常，制热状态只多一个四通阀线圈用电，检查室外机的接线，原来是安装工错将三跟导线中的黄线接到了地上。     

Polarization Switching in (100)/(001) Oriented Epitaxial Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 Thin Films

Thin films made of (100)/(001)-oriented Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃ (PZT) were deposited by liquid-delivery metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on Ir/MgAl₂O₄/SiO₂/Si(100) substrates. For comparison, PZT thin films were also deposited on Ir/MgO(100) substrates. The X-ray scan spectra for the (202) reflections revealed that the PZT films have four-fold symmetry. It indicates that the PZT films were epitaxially grown as a cube-on-cube structure on both substrates. The switchable polarization (Q_sw) of the PZT capacitors on the silicon substrate was only 23 C/cm² at 1.8 V; however, Q_sw of PZT capacitors on MgO was 99 C/cm². In the case of PZT films deposited on silicon, the volume fraction of (001)-oriented domains (which contribute to polarization switching) was 15.1% (calculated from an XRD pattern). This result is due to the lower Q_sw of PZT capacitors on silicon. By piezoresponse-force microscopy, switchable and unswitchable domains could be identified by imaging color contrast, namely, (001) and (100) domains, respectively. Consequently, domain distribution of the PZT film on a silicon substrate indicates that the (001) domain exists in the (100) domain matrix.     

A lightweight sensing method of tooth-touch sound for disabled person using remote controller

To support disabled people to use remote controllers, several biological signals are used. The tooth-touch is one of desirable biological signals. This is because it is the simple and natural human behavior. However, a sophisticated signal processing to extract only the tooth-touch sound is needed since the tooth-touch sound is mixed with the voice sound. This paper proposes a lightweight sensing method extracting the tooth-touch without a sophisticated signal processing to eliminate only voice sound from the sound wave in which tooth-touch and voice are mixed. Instead of the audible sound wave, proposal uses a shock wave (i.e., ultrasonic wave) which is generated when the upper tooth and the lower tooth hit each other. Using the shock wave generated to detect the tooth-touch, a trivial high-pass filter can eliminate only voice sound in the lower frequency domain than in the ultrasonic domain including the tooth-touch. Through a preliminary experiment that uses a conventional microphone and well-known digital high-pass filter, we show that the used electret microphone can sense the tooth-touch as ultrasonic wave and the high-pass filter can extract only tooth-touch. Then, we show some robustness of our method by using the sound waves including the voice and tooth-touch. In addition, we design the filtering hardware to implement a small and cheap system-on-chip achieving a real-time operation. Through the implementation of Field Programmable Gate Array, and the simulation, we show that our hardware is small and performs well for a real-time operation.     

Synthesis and antiallergic activity of dimethyl-2-(phenylcarbamoyl)ethylsulfonium p-toluenesulfonate derivatives

The derivatives of dimethyl-2-(phenylcarbamoyl)ethylsulfonium p-toluenesulfonates were synthesized and evaluated for antiallergic activity. The 2,3-dihydroxyethoxy group was introduced to the phenyl ring from the standpoint of lipophilicity and electronic effects of substituent. The IgE-induced rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) was inhibited by oral administration of several substituted 2-[(4-propoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]ethyldimethylsulfonium p-toluenesulfonate derivatives. Among them (+/-)-2-[N-[4-(3-ethoxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]carbamoyl]ethyldimeth ylsulfonium p-toluenesulfonate (1a, IPD-1151T) was found to possess considerable activity in the PCA test, and it was launched as Suplatast tosilate in Japan.     

Application of nuclear energy for environmentally friendly hydrogen generation

It is universally admitted that hydrogen is one of the best energy media and its demand will increase greatly in the near future. However, little hydrogen exists naturally, so that how to generate hydrogen without bringing forth much CO₂${}_2$ will be very important research subject. Hydrogen generation from water using nuclear energy is one of the solutions for this problem. Especially, the high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTGR) has a possibility to generate hydrogen economically compared with other types of nuclear reactors. As for long-lived radioactive waste to be generated by nuclear reactors, it is expected to significantly reduce its burden to the human environment by applying transmutation technologies. This report describes the feature of the hydrogen generation with HTGR and the development of the accelerator-driven subcritical system to reduce radioactive waste ongoing at JAEA.     

Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in unipolar major depression. Short communication

We investigated plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and cortisol levels in 12 patients with unipolar depression and 11 matched normal controls. The depressed patients showed significantly higher values of plasma DHEAS and cortisol than the controls. After 4 weeks of treatment with antidepressants (mainly clomiplamine), the high plasma DHEAS levels recovered. This finding showed the possible relationship between plasma DHEAS levels and depression, as well as cortisol levels.     

Application of Kelvin Probe to Studies of Fusion Reactor Materials under Irradiation

Recently, the work function （WF） changes in metallic and ceramic materials to be potentially used in future fusion reactors have been examined by means of Kelvin probe （KP）, under He ion irradiation in high energy （MeV） and / or low energy （500 eV） ranges. The results of polycrystalline Ni samples indicate that the 1 MeV beam only induces decrease in the WF within the experimental fluence range; whereas the irradiation of 500 eV beam results in decrease in the WF firstly, then increase till saturation. A dual layer surface model is employed to explain the observed phenomena, together with computer simulation results by SRIM code. Charges buildup on the surface of lithium ceramics has been found to greatly influence the probe output, which can be explained qualitatively using a model concerning an induction electric field due to external field and free charges on the ceramic surface.     

Charge-Transfer Effect of GZO Film on Photochemical Water Splitting of Transparent ZnO@GZO Films by RF Magnetron Sputtering

With the purpose of enhancing the photochemical water splitting performance, GZO film has been used to increase the charge transfer of the ZnO@GZO films. The characterization of ZnO film, GZO film and ZnO@GZO films was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope, DRUV-vis spectra (DRUV-vis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL) and photochemical water splitting. All samples show a related highly c-axis peak (002) from XRD patterns. DRUV-vis results show that the formed GZO film with wide band gap but low resistivity, would not affect the band gap of the ZnO@GZO films. PL results reveal that the decreased recombination of electron and hole, via the increased charge transfer by GZO film. XPS results hint that the obvious change of chemisorbed oxygen species on the surface of ZnO and GZO, and Ga atoms mainly substitute into Zn sites in the ZnO matrix. Compared with that of ZnO film, the ZnO@GZO films even with lower specific surface area, could efficiently enhance the photochemical water splitting performance via the charge-transfer effect of the GZO film.     

Effects of photo-induced graft polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine on physical properties of cross-linked polyethylene in artificial hip joints

Osteolysis caused by wear particles from polyethylene in the artificial hip joints is a serious issue. We have used photo-induced radical graft polymerization to graft 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer onto the surface of cross-linked polyethylene (CLPE-g-MPC) in order to reduce friction and wear at the bearing surface of the joint. The physical and mechanical properties of CLPE and CLPE-g-MPC were not significantly different, expect that the friction coefficient of untreated CLPE cups was 0.0075, compared with 0.0009 for CLPE-g-MPC cup, an 88% reduction. After 3.0 × 10⁶ cycles in the hip joint simulator test, we could not observe any wear of CLPE-g-MPC cups. We concluded that the advantage of photo-induced radical graft polymerization technique was that the grafted MPC polymer gave a high lubricity only on the surface and has no effect on the bulk properties of the CLPE substrate.