Effect of AMC on fixed‐rate traffic with hard delay constraints in mobile broadband systems

The adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) technique, which has been adopted by advanced mobile telecommunication systems, supports a flexible response to the random radio behaviour. As a result, the attained transmission rate over a wireless link is time varying. Hence, resource demands are not deterministic but fluctuating even for calls with constant bit rate service requirements. Consequently, constant bit rate calls are susceptible to a forced call termination because of insufficient resources not only in a target cell during inter‐cell handoffs but also in a serving cell during radio link deterioration. Furthermore, call blocking and dropping probabilities depend on radio propagation conditions among other factors and therefore they are dissimilar throughout a service area. The latter leads to unfairness problems. We analytically measure the impact of AMC on fixed‐rate service with hard delay constraints such as voice for different signal, mobility and traffic conditions. We consider a reference case (call requests are admitted into the system provided there are enough free resources) and two classes of admission control approaches: traditional (only inter‐cell handoffs are prioritised) and modified (all ongoing calls are prioritised). The reported results reveal conditions for which AMC affects voice call performance and can serve as guidelines on admission control design. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Efficient Circle-Drawing Algorithm

An efficient incremental circledrawing algorithm which uses paired update of the decision variable is proposed. The output of the algorithm is identical to the output of Bresenham's algorithm but the total number of arithmetical operations is less. Efficiency of the algorithm is independent of the output devices. Its other advantages are discussed.     

3GPP LTE‐Assisted Wi‐Fi‐Direct: Trial Implementation of Live D2D Technology

This paper is a first‐hand summary on our comprehensive live trial of cellular‐assisted device‐to‐device (D2D) communications currently being ratified by the standards community for next‐generation mobile broadband networks. In our test implementation, we employ a full‐featured 3GPP LTE network deployment and augment it with all necessary support to provide real‐time D2D connectivity over emerging Wi‐Fi‐Direct (WFD) technology. As a result, our LTE‐assisted WFD D2D system enjoys the required flexibility while meeting the existing standards in every feasible detail. Further, this paper provides an account on the extensive measurement campaign conducted with our implementation. The resulting real‐world measurements from this campaign quantify the numerical effects of D2D functionality on the resultant system performance. Consequently, they shed light on the general applicability of LTE‐assisted WFD solutions and associated operational ranges.     

Charge Transport in Disordered Organic Materials and Its Relevance to Thin‐Film Devices: A Tutorial Review

Semiconducting polymers and small molecules form an extremely flexible class of amorphous materials that can be used in a wide range of applications, some of which are display, radio‐frequency tags, and solar cells. The rapid progress towards functional devices is occurring despite the lack of sufficient understanding of the physical processes and very little experience in device engineering. This tutorial review aims to provide sufficient intuitive background to draw more researchers to look into the fundamental aspects of device physics and engineering.     

Modeling TCP SACK performance over wireless channels with completely reliable ARQ/FEC

In this paper, we propose an analytical cross‐layer model for a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection running over a covariance‐stationary wireless channel with a completely reliable Automatic Repeat reQuest scheme combined with Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding. Since backbone networks today are highly overprovisioned, we assume that the wireless channel is the only one bottleneck in the system which causes packets to be buffered at the wired/wireless interface and dropped as a result of buffer overflow. We develop the model in two steps. At the first step, we consider the service process of the wireless channel and derive the probability distribution of the time required to successfully transmit an IP packet over the wireless channel. This distribution is used at the next step of the modeling, where we derive expressions for the TCP long‐term steady‐state throughput, the mean round‐trip time, and the spurious timeout probability. The developed model allows to quantify the joint effect of many implementation‐specific parameters on the TCP performance over both correlated and non‐correlated wireless channels. We also demonstrate that TCP spurious timeouts, reported in some empirical studies, do not occur when wireless channel conditions are covariance‐stationary and their presence in those measurements should be attributed to non‐stationary behavior of the wireless channel characteristics. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Drone-based AI/IoT Framework for Monitoring,Tracking and Fighting Pandemics

Since World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a global pandemic, the world has changed. All life's fields and daily habits have moved to adapt to this new situation. According to WHO, the probability of such virus pandemics in the future is high, and recommends preparing for worse situations. To this end, this work provides a framework for monitoring, tracking, and fighting COVID-19 and future pandemics. The proposed framework deploys unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), e.g.; quadcopter and drone, integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) to monitor and fight COVID-19. It consists of two main systems; AI/IoT for COVID-19 monitoring and drone-based IoT system for sterilizing. The two systems are integrated with the IoT paradigm and the developed algorithms are implemented on distributed fog units connected to the IoT network and controlled by software-defined networking (SDN). The proposed work is built based on a thermal camera mounted in a face-shield, or on a helmet that can be used by people during pandemics. The detected images, thermal images, are processed by the developed AI algorithm that is built based on the convolutional neural network (CNN). The drone system can be called, by the IoT system connected to the helmet, once infected cases are detected. The drone is used for sterilizing the area that contains multiple infected people. The proposed framework employs a single centralized SDN controller to control the network operations. The developed system is experimentally evaluated, and the results are introduced. Results indicate that the developed framework provides a novel, efficient scheme for monitoring and fighting COVID-19 and other future pandemics.     

Single-Channel Source Separation of Audio Signals Using Bark Scale Wavelet Packet Decomposition

We address the problem of blind source separation from a single channel audio source using a statistical model of the sources. We modify the Bark Scale aligned Wavelet Packet Decomposition, to acquire approximate-shiftability property. We allow oversampling in some decomposition nodes to equalize sampling rate in all terminal nodes. Statistical models are trained from samples of each source separately. The separation is performed using these models. The proposed psycho-acoustically motivated non-uniform filterbank structure reduces signal space dimension and simplifies training procedure of the statistical model. In our experiments we show that the proposed algorithm performs better when compared to a competing algorithm. We study the effect that different wavelet families have on the performance of the proposed signal analysis in the single-channel source separation task.     

Evaluation of tritium release into primary coolant for research and testing reactors

ABSTRACT

The sources and mechanisms for the tritium release into the primary coolant in the JMTR and the JRR-3M containing beryllium reflectors are evaluated. It is found that the recoil release from chain reaction of ⁹Be is dominant and its calculation results agree well with trends derived from the measured variation of tritium concentration in the primary coolant. It also indicates that the simple calculation method used in this study for the tritium recoil release from the beryllium reflectors can be utilized for an estimation of the tritium release into the primary coolant for a water-cooled research and testing reactors containing beryllium reflectors.     

Cross-Layer Modeling of Wireless Channels: An Overview of Basic Principles

To optimize performance of applications running over wireless channels, state-of-the-art technologies incorporate a number of channel adaptation mechanisms at different layers of the protocol stack. These mechanisms affect the way communication is performed and their joint effect is often difficult to predict. Recently, to evaluate joint operation of these mechanisms, a number of cross-layer performance models have been proposed. These models abstract functionality of layers providing channel adaptation and characterize performance of information transmission at higher layers, where it is usually standardized. While cross-layer performance models differ in some details, most of them are similar in the way they approach the problem. In this paper we identify similarities between these models, formulate step-by-step cross-layer modeling procedure and discuss its basic components.