Inhibition of microbial growth in ready‐to‐eat food stored at ambient temperature by modified atmosphere packaging

This study was undertaken to develop a modified atmosphere package to control microbial growth in ready‐to‐eat (RTE) products stored at ambient temperature. Ethanol and/or limonene associated with modified atmosphere (CO₂ : O₂ : N₂ = 30% : 5% : 65%) was used to inhibit the growth of total air‐borne microorganisms and Escherichia coli in RTE products stored at 25°C. The results indicated that 0.05% ethanol vapour in the headspace was effective to inhibit the growth of air‐borne microorganisms and E. coli at 25°C for 72 h in a model study, and the effectiveness was related to ethanol content. Both 73 ppm limonene and 0.05% ethanol vapour enhanced the bacteriostatic effect of modified atmosphere in RTE sushi roll products, and no off‐flavour was detected using this formulated gas; however, no significant inhibitory effect was observed for RTE cold noodle products. This study concludes that combinations of carbon dioxide, ethanol or limonene vapours are effective to inhibit microbial growth in RTE food at ambient temperature, and the outcome may be due to the hurdle effect. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Boundary effects on the optical properties of InGaN multiple quantum wells

We examine the issues of spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization discontinuity on the optical properties of 3.0-nm-thick indium gallium nitride (InGaN) multiple quantum wells (MQWs). A quench of band-edge emission from the cap GaN layer is observed when the photoexcitation source is changed from a 355- to a 248-nm laser. The interband transitions from the InGaN wells exhibit a linear dependence on the 1) spectral blue shift of /spl sim/8.5/spl times/10/sup -18/ meV /spl middot/ cm/sup 3/ and 2) change of the internal field of /spl sim/3/spl times/10/sup -14/ meV /spl middot/ cm/sup 2/ with the injected carrier density up to N/sub inj//spl sim/10/sup 19/ cm/sup -3/ at 77 K. These observations are attributed to the redistribution of photogenerated carriers in the InGaN wells due to the polarization discontinuity at the QW interface and the surface band bending effect. By incorporating an additional boundary condition of surface Fermi-level pinning into the Poisson equation and the band-structure analysis, it is shown the emission from the InGaN-GaN MQWs is dominant by the recombination between the high-lying subbands and the screening of internal field effects.     

基于有限元数值模拟的气相色谱仪柱箱抗爆门结构分析

气相色谱仪GC柱箱结构的抗爆设计对提高仪器的使用安全性非常重要.文中采用数值仿真方法,对Agilent公司某型号气相色谱仪的柱箱门在爆炸载荷下的动力响应进行了研究.通过ANSYS软件建立柱箱结构的三维模型,利用LS-DYNA3D软件进行求解,利用任意拉格朗日欧拉ALE(Arhitrary Lagrange-Euler)算法、炸药爆轰产物的JWL状态方程、流体介质的材料模型和状态方程等对柱箱门结构在爆炸载荷作用下的模型进行了研究.结果表明:该仿真模型有效地估计了爆炸载荷下柱箱门的抗爆性能,为结构设计和优化提供了技术支持.     

基于VMD和BSA-KELM的高陡边坡位移预测模型研究

边坡位移的时间序列曲线存在复杂的非线性特性,传统的预测模型精度不足以满足预测要求。为此提出了基于变分模态分解的鸟群优化-核极限学习机的预测模型,并用于河北省某水泥厂的边坡位移预测。该方法首先采用VMD把边坡位移序列分解为一系列的有限带宽的子序列,再对各子序列分别采用相空间重构并用核极限学习机预测,采用鸟群算法优化相空间重构的嵌入维度和KELM中惩罚系数和核参数三个数值,以取得最优预测模型。最后将各个子序列预测值叠加,得到边坡位移的最终预测值。结果表明：和KELM、BSA-KELM、EEMD-BSA-KELM模型相比,基于VMD的BSA-KELM预测精度更高,为边坡位移的预测提供一种有效的方法。     

3PRRR并联机构的设计与优化

对一种空间3自由度并联机构(3PRRR)进行设计与优化,该机构是由一个动平台与一个静平台通过3个结构相同的移动副-转动副-转动副-转动副构成的支链组成。分析了机构运动关系,建立了运动学模型,分析滚珠丝杠输出与动平台末端位置的关系以及支链各臂转角与动平台末端位置关系。在MATLAB环境下利用C语言编写程序,以工作空间最大化为目标,对各支链的杆长进行优化,得到了相对最优的机构设计方案。在此基础上,设计加工制作了实物样机。     

糠醛加氢制糠醇中γ-Al2O3负载Cu-Zn催化剂的改性研究

采用浸渍法制备Co改性γ-Al₂O₃负载的Cu-Zn催化剂，考察Cu-Zn负载量、Co含量及反应温度等对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明，在413 K、氢气流速0.5 mL·s^－1 和糠醛空速2 h^-1 条件下,当催化剂Cu-Zn/γ-Al₂O₃（Co）中n(Cu)∶n(Zn)∶n(Al)∶n(Co)＝1.0∶2.0∶3.0∶0.51时，糠醇的选择性100％，糠醛转化率94.6％，比使用单纯Cu-Zn/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂的最佳转化率提高11％。     

Engineering Functional Collagen Scaffolds: Cyclical Loading Increases Material Strength and Fibril Aggregation

Variation in collagen fibril diameter in nature is a major factor determining biological material properties. However, the mechanism resulting in this fibril diameter difference is not clear and generally assumed to be cell‐dependent. It is certainly not possible so far to engineer this into implantable scaffold materials. This gap in our knowledge is crucial for the fabrication of truly biomimetic tissue‐like materials. We have tested the idea that fibril diameter can be regulated directly without cell involvement, using cyclical mechanical loading to promote fibril fusion. Specific loading regimes increased collagen fibril diameter (> 2 fold) in direct relation to cycle number, whilst thin fibrils disappeared. Tensile properties increased, producing a 4.5 fold rise in break strength. This represents the first demonstration of direct cyclical load‐promoted fibril fusion and provides a direct relation with material properties. The ability to control material properties in this way makes it possible to fabricate truly biomimetic collagen materials without cells.     

糠醛加氢制糠醇中Cu-Zn/γ-Al2O3催化剂的改性研究

采用浸渍法制备γ-Al2O3负载Cu-Zn催化剂并用Co改性.考察了Cu-Zn负载量、Co用量、反应温度和质量空速对催化剂性能的影响,对催化剂进行100 h的稳定性评价实验,并采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对催化剂进行表征.实验结果表明,当Cu,Zn,Al和Co的摩尔比为1.00 :2.00:3.00:0.51时,Cu-Zn/γ-Al2O3(Co)的催化性能和稳定性比较好.在413 K,氢气流速为0.5 mL/s,糠醛空速为2 h-1条件下,糠醇的选择性达100%,糠醛转化率达94.6%,比使用单纯Cu-Zn/γ-Al2O3催化剂的转化率提高11%.催化剂中Cu晶相是催化活性中心,Co的加入抑制了Cu的氧化,提高了催化剂的活性和稳定性.     

Mn~(2+)掺杂对纳米TiO_2薄膜光催化活性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Mn2+掺杂的TiO2薄膜光催化剂,进行甲醛的光催化实验,考察Mn2+掺杂量、薄膜焙烧温度、溶胶体系pH值及薄膜厚度对光催化性能的影响.结果表明,Mn2+掺杂量为1.0%,焙烧温度500℃1 h,加硝酸溶胶体系pH=4,镀膜5层时,Mn2+掺杂TiO2薄膜光催化活性最高.150 min后甲醛降解率达79%,是单纯TiO2薄膜的1.4倍.     

Tungsten Lamps as an Affordable Light Source for Testing of Photovoltaic Cells

An improved Tungsten light source system for photovoltaic cell testing made from low-cost, commercially available materials is presented as an alternative to standard expensive testing equipment. In this work, spectral correction of the Tungsten light source is achieved by increasing the color temperature to ??5200 K using inexpensive commercially available filters. Spectral measurements of the enhanced light source reveal that a better spectrum match towards the solar spectrum is achieved than what has been previously demonstrated. Specifically, the improved solar spectrum match is achieved by substantial filtering of the infrared range. The proposed setup is used to evaluate the performance of both silicon and organic based photovoltaic cells.