Equal gain combining over Nakagami-n (rice) and Nakagami-q (Hoyt) generalized fading channels

Motivated by the importance of Nakagami-n (Rice) and Nakagami-q (Hoyt) statistical models to describe channel fading in land, mobile, terrestrial, and satellite telecommunications, we present an alternative moments-based approach to the performance analysis of equal-gain combining (EGC) receivers over independent, not necessarily identically distributed Rice- and Hoyt-fading channels. Exact closed-form expressions for the moments of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of the combiner are derived and significant performance criteria such as, the average output SNR, the amount of fading and the spectral efficiency at the low power regime, are studied. Moreover, using Pade rational approximation to the moment-generating function of the output SNR, the average symbol error probability and the outage probability are evaluated. We also study the suitability of modeling a Hoyt-fading environment by a properly chosen Nakagami-m model, as far as the error performance of the EGC is concerned.     

Performance analysis of dual selection diversity in correlated Weibull fading channels

Ascertaining the importance of the dual selection combining (SC) receivers and the suitability of the Weibull model to describe mobile fading channels, we study the performance of a dual SC receiver over correlated Weibull fading channels with arbitrary parameters. Exact closed-form expressions are derived for the probability density function, the cumulative distribution function, and the moments of the output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Important performance criteria, such as average output SNR, amount of fading, outage probability, and average bit-error probability for several modulation schemes are studied. Furthermore, for these performance criteria, novel closed-form analytical expressions are derived. The proposed analysis is complemented by various performance evaluation results, including the effects of the input SNR's unbalancing, fading severity, and fading correlation on the overall system's performance. Computer simulation results have verified the validity and accuracy of the proposed analysis.     

Channel capacity and second-order statistics in Weibull fading

The second-order statistics and the channel capacity of the Weibull fading channel are studied. Exact closed-form expressions are derived for the average level crossing rate, the average fade duration, as well as the average Shannon's channel capacity of the Weibull fading process. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the proposed mathematical analysis and to examine the effects of the fading severity on the concerned quantities.     

Average output SINR of equal-gain diversity in correlated Nakagami-m fading with cochannel interference

In mobile radio systems, antenna diversity is used to combat fading and reduce the impact of cochannel interference. In this paper, we analyze the performance of L-branch equal-gain combining receivers over correlated nonidentically distributed Nakagami-m fading channels, in the presence of multiple identical cochannel interferers and additive white Gaussian noise. The performance criterion considered is the average output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio, which is obtained in closed form for both independent and correlative fading. Due to the simple form of the derived expressions, they readily allow numerical evaluation for cases of practical interest.     

On the multivariate Nakagami-m distribution with exponential correlation

Capitalizing on the proof of a theorem presented by L.E. Blumenson and K.S. Miller (see Ann. Math. Statist., vol.34, p.903-10, 1963), we propose a useful closed formula for the exponentially correlated n-variate Nakagami-m probability density function. Moreover, an infinite series approach for the corresponding cumulative distribution function is presented. Bounds on the error resulting from the truncation of the infinite series are also derived. Finally, in order to check the accuracy of the proposed formulation, numerical results are presented.     

Infinite-series representations associated with the bivariate rician distribution and their applications

Analytical expressions for the evaluation of the bivariate Rician cumulative distribution function (CDF), the covariance, and the characteristic function (CHF) are not known, despite their usefulness in wireless communications systems analysis. In this letter, motivated by the ability of the Rician model to describe fading in wireless communications, we derive infinite-series representations for the probability density function, the CDF, the covariance, and the CHF of two correlated Rician random variables. It is shown that the presented infinite-series expressions converge rapidly, and can be efficiently used to study several performance criteria for dual-diversity receivers operating over correlated Rician fading channels.     

Equal-gain and maximal-ratio combining over nonidentical Weibull fading channels

We study the performance of L-branch equal-gain combining (EGC) and maximal-ratio combining (MRC) receivers operating over nonidentical Weibull-fading channels. Closed-form expressions are derived for the moments of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of the combiner and significant performance criteria, for both independent and correlative fading, such as average output SNR, amount of fading and spectral efficiency at the low power regime, are studied. We also evaluate the outage and the average symbol error probability (ASEP) for several coherent and noncoherent modulation schemes, using a closed-form expression for the moment-generating function (mgf) of the output SNR for MRC receivers and the Pade/spl acute/ approximation to the mgf for EGC receivers. The ASEP of dual-branch EGC and MRC receivers is also obtained in correlative fading. The proposed mathematical analysis is complimented by various numerical results, which point out the effects of fading severity and correlation on the overall system performance. Computer simulations are also performed to verify the validity and the accuracy of the proposed theoretical approach.     

An efficient approach to multivariate Nakagami-m distribution using Green's matrix approximation

An efficient approach for the evaluation of the Nakagami-m (1960) multivariate probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) with arbitrary correlation is presented. Approximating the correlation matrix with a Green's matrix, useful closed formulas for the joint Nakagami-m PDF and CDF, are derived. The proposed approach is a significant theoretical tool that can be efficiently used in the performance analysis of wireless communications systems operating over correlative Nakagami-m fading channels.     

Authors' reply [to comments on 'Infinite-series representations associated with the bivariate Rician distribution and their applications']

The authors reply to the comment by Simon (IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.54, no.8, p.1511-12, 2006 August) on their original paper (Zogas and Karagiannidis, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.53, no.11, p.1970-4, 2005 November).     

Performance analysis of triple selection diversity over exponentially correlated Nakagami-m fading channels

An approach to the performance analysis of a triple selection-diversity system over exponentially correlated Nakagami-m fading channels is presented. Closed-form expressions of converged sums for both outage and average error probabilities are derived. Numerical results are presented to point out the effect of the fading correlation, the fading severity, as well as the improvement achieved by the triple selection combining compared with the corresponding dual diversity case.