A comprehensive survey of AI-enabled phishing attacks detection techniques

In recent times, a phishing attack has become one of the most prominent attacks faced by internet users, governments, and service-providing organizations. In a phishing attack, the attacker(s) collects the client’s sensitive data (i.e., user account login details, credit/debit card numbers, etc.) by using spoofed emails or fake websites. Phishing websites are common entry points of online social engineering attacks, including numerous frauds on the websites. In such types of attacks, the attacker(s) create website pages by copying the behavior of legitimate websites and sends URL(s) to the targeted victims through spam messages, texts, or social networking. To provide a thorough understanding of phishing attack(s), this paper provides a literature review of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques: Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Hybrid Learning, and Scenario-based techniques for phishing attack detection. This paper also presents the comparison of different studies detecting the phishing attack for each AI technique and examines the qualities and shortcomings of these methodologies. Furthermore, this paper provides a comprehensive set of current challenges of phishing attacks and future research direction in this domain.

     

A pilot study of the effects of expressive writing on psychological and behavioral adjustment in patients enrolled in a Phase II trial of vaccine therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Forty-two patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who were participating in a Phase II clinical trial were randomly assigned to an expressive writing (EW) or neutral writing (NW) group. Patients in the EW group wrote about their cancer, and patients in the NW group wrote about health behaviors. No statistically significant group differences were found in symptoms of distress, perceived stress, or mood disturbance, except for the Vigor subscale of the Profile of Mood States. However, patients in the EW group reported significantly less sleep disturbance, better sleep quality and sleep duration, and less daytime dysfunction compared with patients in the NW group. The results suggest that EW may have sleep-related health benefits in terminally ill cancer patients. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A robust zero-watermarking algorithm for copyright protection of text documents

The widespread use of Internet and other communication technologies has brought about ease in reproducing, disclosing and distributing digital content. In addition to getting the benefits of information exchange, the digital community is confronted with authentication, forgery and copyright protection issues. Text is the most frequently used medium travelling over the Internet, along with images, audio and video. Majority of the content of books, newspapers, web pages, advertisements, research papers, legal documents and many other documents is basically, plain text. Therefore, copyright protection of plain text is a most important issue. In this article, we propose a robust zero-watermarking algorithm based on prepositions and double letters for copyright protection of plain text. The embedding algorithm uses occurrences of prepositions and double letters in the text to generate a key based on watermark. The extraction algorithm extracts the watermark from the noisy text to identify the original owner. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on text encountering combined insertion, deletion and re-ordering attacks, both in the dispersed and localized forms. The results are also compared to a recent work on text watermarking.     

Fabrication and characterization of matrix type transdermal patches loaded with tizanidine hydrochloride: potential sustained release delivery system

Abstract

Objective: This study was designed to optimize and develop matrix type transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) containing tizanidine hydrochloride (TZH) using different polymers by solvent evaporation method.

Significance: A strong need exists for the development of transdermal patch having improved bioavailability at the site of action with fewer side effects at off-target organs.

Methods: The patches were physically characterized by texture analysis (color, flexibility, smoothness, transparency, and homogeneity), in vitro dissolution test and FTIR analysis. Furthermore, functional properties essential for TDDS, in vitro percentage of moisture content, percentage of water uptake, in vitro permeation by following different kinetic models, in vivo drug content estimation and skin irritation were determined using rabbit skin.

Results: The optimized patches were soft, of uniform texture and thickness as well as pliable in nature. Novel transdermal patch showed ideal characteristics in terms of moisture content and water uptake. FTIR analysis confirmed no interaction between TZH and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP). The patch showed sustained release of the drug which increased the availability of short acting TZH at the site of action. The patch also showed its biocompatibility to the in vivo model of rabbit skin.

Conclusions: The results demonstrated that topically applied transdermal patch will be a potential medicated sustain release patch for muscle pain which will improve patient compliance.