网络电视原声咱能录

办公室的小王很喜欢网络电视里播放的综艺节目,想要将原声录制起来保存,于是来找笔者帮忙。同事既然开口,笔者义不容辞,很快就为他找到了一种完美的解决方案,并送给他一件宝贝     

Absorption by rats of tocopherols present in edible vegetable oils

The absorption of tocopherols (α, γ, and σ) and fatty acids from rapeseed (RO), soybean (SOO), and sunflower (SUO) oil, both from the natural oils and from the oils following moderate heating (180°C for 15 min), was measured in lymphcannulated rats. Oils were administered as emulsions through a gastrostomy tube, and lymph samples were collected for 24 h. The composition of tocopherols in oils and lymph fractions was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and fatty acids were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. The highest accumulated transport of α-tocopherol was observed after SUO administration, the lowest after SOO, with RO in between, corresponding to their relative contents (41.6±8.8, 32.7±5.0, and 24.9±4.3 μg at 24 h after administration of SUO, RO, and SOO, respectively). The calculated recoveries (in %) 24 h after oil administration were 21.4±4.5, 45.7±7.0, and 78.8±13.5 for SUO, RO, and SOO, respectively, suggesting that the absorption efficiency decreased when the α-tocopherol concentration increased. The recovery of α-tocopherol was higher than the recoveries of γ-and σ-tocopherol, indicating that the different tocopherols were not absorbed to the same extent or with similar rates. No differences between unheated and heated oils were observed in the absorption of tocopherols, whereas heating led to lower absorption of fatty acids, thus showing no direct association between absorption of tocopherols and fatty acids.     

Robotic control in knee joint replacement surgery

A brief history of robotic systems in knee arthroplasty is provided. The place of autonomous robots is then discussed and compared to more recent 'hands-on' robotic systems that can be more cost effective. The case is made for robotic systems to have a clear justification, with improved benefits compared to those from cheaper navigation systems. A number of more recent, smaller, robot systems for knee arthroplasty are also described. A specific example is given of an active constraint medical robot, the ACROBOT system, used in a prospective randomized controlled trial of unicondylar robotic knee arthroplasty in which the robot was compared to conventional surgery. The results of the trial are presented together with a discussion of the need for measures of accuracy to be introduced so that the efficacy of the robotic surgery can be immediately identified, rather than have to wait for a number of years before long-term clinical improvements can be demonstrated.     

Eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid affect mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in relation to substrate preference

Decreased triacylglycerol synthesis within hepatocytes due to decreased diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) activity has been suggested to be an important mechanism by which diets rich in fish oil lower plasma triacylglycerol levels. New findings suggest that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and not docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), lowers plasma triacylglycerol by increased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and decreased availability of fatty acids for triacylglycerol synthesis. To contribute to the understanding of the triacylglycerol-lowering mechanism of fish oil, the different metabolic properties of EPA and DHA were studied in rat liver parenchymal cells and isolated rat liver organelles. EPA-CoA was a poorer substrate than DHA-CoA for DGAT in isolated rat liver microsomes, and in the presence of EPA, a markedly lower value for the triacyl[³H]glycerol/diacyl[³H]glycerol ratio was observed. The distribution of [1-¹⁴C]palmitic acid was shifted from incorporation into secreted glycerolipids toward oxidation in the presence of EPA (but not DHA) in rat liver parenchymal cells. [1-¹⁴C]EPA was oxidized to a much greater extent than [1-¹⁴C]DHA in rat liver parenchymal cells, isolated peroxisomes, and especially in purified mitochondria. As the oxidation of EPA was more effective and sensitive to the CPT-I inhibitor, etomoxir, when measured in a combination of both mitochondria and peroxisomes, we hypothesized that both are involved in EPA oxidation, whereas DHA mainly is oxidized in peroxisomes. In rats, EPA treatment lowered plasma triacylglycerol and increased hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)-I activity in both the presence and absence of malonyl-CoA. Whereas only EPA treatment increased the mRNA levels of CPT-I, DHA treatment increased the mRNA levels of peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase and fatty acid binding protein more effectively than EPA treatment. In conclusion, EPA and DHA affect cellular organelles in relation to their substrate preference. The present study strongly supports the hypothesis that EPA, and not DHA, lowers plasma triacylglycerol by increased mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation.     

Accumulation of heavy metals in circumpolar willow ptarmigan (Lagopus l. lagopus) populations

A circumpolar survey of heavy metals in willow ptarmigan liver and kidney revealed considerable variations in Cd content in Canada and Scandinavia. The Cd content in central Canada was comparable with that in Scandinavia and Russia, at least for kidney. However, in both liver and kidney the median for Canada as a whole was much higher than in the other countries. Some Canadian locations had exceptionally high levels, several birds having >50 mg kg(-1) in liver and >400 mg kg(-1) in kidney. In Norway, the Cd content was highest in central mountain areas in south Norway and inland locations in the two northernmost counties. Five locations in central and north Norway showed mean Cd levels in kidney above 100 mg kg(-1). It is difficult to evaluate regional differences in Sweden, but most locations had the same Cd level as moderately contaminated locations in Norway. Cd levels in Russia were comparable to moderately contaminated locations in the other countries. Due to a high intake of willow, naturally rich in Cd, direct comparison of the Cd level in willow ptarmigan from different locations cannot reveal the effects of long-range pollution. The Pb concentration in willow ptarmigan kidney and liver varied significantly in Norway and Canada, but not in Sweden and Russia. Levels in Sweden and Russia were comparable to those in Canada and low levels in Norway. The highest median value from all locations within countries was found in Norway, both in liver and kidney. The highest Pb content was found in south Norway, indicating an effect of long-range pollution in willow ptarmigan. The level in western Canada was significantly higher than in central Canada. The Hg content in liver varied significantly from one location to another in all the countries and in kidney everywhere except Sweden. In Scandinavia, there is no distinct regional pattern. Canada had a significantly higher Hg level in central than western regions in both tissues the opposite of that found for Cd and Pb. Cu and Zn showed significant variations from one location to another in liver and kidney in Canada and Norway, but only in kidney in samples from Sweden. Comparison between western and central Canada revealed a significant difference for Cu in liver, samples from central Canada having more. There are no significant differences from one country to another, but some localities in Canada seem to have higher Cu concentrations in kidney than are found in Scandinavia and Russia.     

生物质用于焦炭和烧结生产的实验室评价

生物质作为碳可供选择的环保替代燃料,用其进行炼焦和炼铁是一个非常好的选择,因此,应该积极调查、研究如何采取不同的方法利用生物质,以减少硫化物、氮氧化物、二氧化碳的排放和可能的成本投入。对生物质在炼焦生产与烧结生产中的实用性在独立的试验中进行评估。生物质对炼焦生产的实用性研究如下:将1%～5%的木质生物质或是焙烤(轻度热解)的木质生物质作为部分高挥发性煤的替代物添加至配合煤中,在实验室焦炉中进行碳化试验。试验结果表明,当把粉碎的生物质加入到配合煤后,焦化压力显著降低,同时焦炭的硫含量下降,但是焦炭的高温强度和力学性能亦有轻微下降,但这种实测强度的降低需要进一步的研究。另外,在一系列独立试验中,通过利用生物质(分别是锯末、粉碎的玉米芯、树皮、木炭等)作为烧结用粉焦的替代燃料在实验室烧结锅进行评估。试验中,燃料用10%、20%、30%、40%的生物质代替。试验结果显示,烧结混合料的堆密度和烧结时间都有下降,添加了生物质的烧结矿质量没有显著恶化。这些初步的试验表明,在实际的炼焦与炼铁生产中生物质很有可能作为一种可再生能源替代部分传统的化石燃料。为了某种特定应用而进行产品优化则需要额外试验。     

CPR artifact removal from human ECG using optimal multichannel filtering

The purpose of this study was to assess whether the artifacts presented by precordial compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation could be removed from the human electrocardiogram (ECG) using a filtering approach. This would allow analysis and defibrillator charging during ongoing precordial compressions yielding a very important clinical improvement to the treatment of cardiac arrest patients. In this investigation we started with noise-free human ECGs with ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) records. To simulate a realistic resuscitation situation, we added a weighted artifact signal to the human ECG, where the weight factor was chosen to provide the desired signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) level. As artifact signals we used ECGs recorded from animals in asystole during precordial compressions at rates 60, 90, and 120 compressions/min. The compression depth and the thorax impedance was also recorded. In a real-life situation such reference signals are available and, using an adaptive multichannel Wiener filter, we construct an estimate of the artifact signal, which subsequently can be subtracted from the noisy human ECG signal. The success of the proposed method is demonstrated through graphic examples, SNR, and rhythm classification evaluations.     

Effect of orlistat on fat absorption in rats: A comparison of normal rats and rats with diverted bile and pancreatic juice

Orlistat is a specific inhibitor of pancreatic and gastric lipases leading to decreased absorption of fat. In the present study, we measured the effect of orlistat on lymphatic fat transport in rats following intake of oils very different in FA composition and TAG structure, and compared this with the transport in normal rats and rats with fat malabsorption. Rats were subjected to cannulation of the main mesenteric lymph duct, and a feeding catheter was inserted into the stomach. In addition, malabsorbing rats were cannulated in the common bile and pancreatic duct. Emulsified safflower, fish, and randomized oils were administered, and lymph was collected for 24 h and analyzed for FA composition. Administration of 25 mg orlistat together with the dietary oils resulted in very small changes from baseline lymphatic transport, indicating that inhibition of the fat absorption was almost complete and furthermore that the source of fat had no influence on the inhibitory effect of orlistat. Orlistat did not interfere with the absorption of the hydrolysis products, since high absorption of sn-2 MAG and FFA (oleic acid) mixed with orlistat was observed. The baseline lymphatic transport in the orlistat group was higher than in the malabsorbing group, but this was the result of generally lower transport of endogenous FA in the malabsorbing group, presumably caused by the absence of bile FA. The transport of FA in normal rats was several-fold higher than the transport after orlistat addition and in malabsorbing rats. Thus, this study showed that orlistat inhibited fat hydrolysis, and thereby lymphatic absorption, almost completely independently of the fat administered.