棉籽蛋白/剑麻纤维复合材料加工、界面与性能

为了提高植物蛋白基绿色高分子材料的力学性能和热稳定性能,以棉籽蛋白（CP）为原料,在尿素变性、甘油增塑、双醛淀粉（DAS）交联的基础上,将其与取向排列的天然剑麻长纤维（SF）复合,经热压硫化加工制备得到具有优异性能的棉籽蛋白/剑麻纤维全绿色复合材料。微观结构形貌和性能分析测试表明,复合材料获得改善性能主要归功于：CP基体与SF增强相间形成的紧密界面结合、对剑麻长纤维的预浸渍处理、CP与SF生物大分子间的强氢键作用。考察了不同DAS含量对复合材料力学性能和热稳定性能的影响。拉伸、热重和差示量热分析表明,经20%（质量） DAS交联的复合材料具有最优的拉伸强度（断裂应力7.5 MPa）、模量（杨氏模量93 MPa）、热稳定性（最大分解温度328℃）和玻璃化转变温度（102℃）。     

提高蛋白质生物塑料力学性能的研究进展

蛋白质生物塑料力学性能差是影响其商业化的主要因素。本文介绍了提高蛋白质生物塑料力学性能的几种手段,即蛋白质失活、生物纤维增强、与合成/天然可降解高分子共混、纳米复合增强等4个方面对提高其性能的有效性。对影响蛋白质失活的主要因素,即改变环境pH值、添加尿素、无机盐及交联剂等做了详细分析。对多种天然植物纤维的增强效果以及如何增强植物纤维在聚合物基体中的分散性、与其相容性等分别做了介绍。对多种纳米材料,如纳米纤维素、层状硅酸盐、碳纳米管/石墨烯等的增强效果也做了介绍。最后提出今后发展方向为：①提高蛋白质生物塑料的性能可控性,即兼顾可生物降解性与提高力学性能、延长使用寿命;②高性能化研究,以使蛋白质生物塑料满足某些特殊要求;③拓展蛋白质新来源。     

基于OBE理念的《化工工艺学》教学改革探索与实践——以培养好品德高素质创新应用型新工科人才为目标

基于广东工业大学的办学理念“与广东崛起共成长,为广东发展作贡献”,本文以培养好品德高素质创新型应用型新工科人才为目标,利用新工科工程认证OBE理念,对化学工程与工艺专业本科生的核心专业课程《化工工艺学》进行积极教学改革探索与实践,提出“理论知识多样化展示与专题报告相结合”的授课方式,旨在激发学生自主学习能力;以大学生创新创业、学科竞赛、实验技能创新竞赛、发表专业论文、申请发明专利等产出为教改导向,提高学生创新思考能力,旨在培养出具有良好思想品德的高素质创新型/应用型新工科人才和化工行业高水平专业技术人才。     

电场敏感性AM/DMDAAC共聚水凝胶的合成和性能

以丙烯酰胺(AM)和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为单体,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了AM/DMDAAC水凝胶。考察了样品水凝胶的离子强度敏感性和pH敏感性,以及在外加直流电场刺激下的消溶胀动力学。结果表明,样品水凝胶具有灵敏的离子强度敏感性,在NaCl质量分数为0.3%左右发生体积相变;对pH变化不敏感,具有很好的酸碱耐受性;DM-DAAC单体含量对水凝胶的电敏感性能有显著影响。     

智能型AMPS/DMAEMA水凝胶的电敏感性能

以2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)为单体,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸铵和亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了AMPS/DMAEMA水凝胶,考察了样品水凝胶在外加直流电场刺激下的消溶胀动力学和弯曲行为.结果表明,DMAEMA单体含量和施加电压大小对水凝胶的电敏感性能有着显著影响.用一级动力学方程能够较好地描述水凝胶在接触电压刺激下的消溶胀过程.在非接触电压刺激下,单体摩尔比,n(AMPS):n(DMAEMA)=9:1的水凝胶向负极弯曲;单体摩尔比n(AMPS):n(DMAEMA)=5:5的水凝胶向正极弯曲;单体摩尔比n(AMPS):n(DMAEMA)=7:3的水凝胶随着非接触电压的增大,出现先向负极弯曲,后向正极弯曲的现象.     

AA/AMPS水凝胶的交联聚合反应动力学及其机理

Crosslink polymerization kinetics of poly(acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid),AA/AMPS hydrogels, was investigated by using dilatometry in the presence of sodium persulfate as initiator and N,N'-methylene bis(acrylamide) as crosslinker. It was found that the reaction for the crosslink polymerization ofAA/AMPS hydrogels had orders of 0.58, 1.14, and 0.86 with respect to the initiator, AMPS, and AA, respectively.From the Arrhenius plots, the activation energy of the crosslink polymerization was found to be about 140 and 89 kJ.mol1 in the presence and absence of the crosslinker, respectively, in the temperature range from 45 to 65 ℃. It was noted that the crosslinker had effects on the reaction order of the initiator and the activation energy due to the formation of cross-linked networks, which was verified by Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectrum. To further confirm the influences of the cross-linked network structure on kinetic parameters of the erosslink polymerization, a mechanism was proposed, which highlights the different termination routes between free radical polymerization and crosslink polymerization. These results suggest that dilatometry provides a convenient tool for crosslink polymerization study, and confirm that the cross-linked networks are formed in the crosslink polymerization.     

“以学习者为中心”育人理念的工科有机化学课程设计与实践

探讨了“以学习者为中心”育人理念的内涵及以此理念进行课程设计的方法,在反思我国工科院校有机化学课程教育现状的情况下,探索了“以学习者为中心”育人理念的有机化学课程设计,阐述从教学目标设定、教学考核设计及教学模式创新等的课程改革实践。     

电场敏感智能水凝胶的研究进展

水凝胶对于环境微小的物理化学刺激,如温度、pH值,离子强度、电场、磁场,光、压力等能够通过感知和自身作功来响应外界环境变化,因此水凝胶具有"智能凝胶"、"软性机械"之称.在众多外界响应条件中,电场由于易操作易调控等优点使得电场响应水凝胶具有更广阔的应用前景.本文对近年来已见报道的几类典型的电场敏感水凝胶进行了较为详细的综述.同时介绍了静电场、渗透压等电场敏感水凝胶的响应机理及其在人工爬虫、化学阀和仿生驱动器等方面的应用.     

AA/AMPS水凝胶的交联聚合反应动力学及其机理

Crosslink polymerization kinetics of poly(acrylic acid-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid),AA/AMPS hydrogels,was investigated by using dilatometry in the presence of sodium persulfate as initiator and N,N’-methylene bis(acrylamide) as crosslinker.It was found that the reaction for the crosslink polymerization of AA/AMPS hydrogels had orders of 0.58,1.14,and 0.86 with respect to the initiator,AMPS,and AA,respectively.From the Arrhenius plots,the activation energy of the crosslink polymerization was found to be about 140 and 89 kJ·mol-1 in the presence and absence of the crosslinker,respectively,in the temperature range from 45 to 65 °C.It was noted that the crosslinker had effects on the reaction order of the initiator and the activation energy due to the formation of cross-linked networks,which was verified by Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectrum.To further confirm the influences of the cross-linked network structure on kinetic parameters of the crosslink polymerization,a mechanism was proposed,which highlights the different termination routes between free radical polymerization and crosslink polymerization.These results suggest that dilatometry provides a convenient tool for crosslink polymeri-zation study,and confirm that the cross-linked networks are formed in the crosslink polymerization.     

共聚物水凝胶在金属离子溶液中的消溶胀动力学

采用重量分析法对达到溶胀平衡的AA/AMPS、AA/DMAEMA和AMPS/DMAEMA共聚物水凝胶在金属离子溶液中体积收缩变化的动力学过程进行了研究,结果表明:共聚物水凝胶在4种金属离子(Ag~+、Cu~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、Pb~(2+))溶液中均发生体积收缩的响应变化,并且这种变化程度随着金属离子溶液浓度的增加而增加,由"指数衰减第一顺序"函数可以较好地拟合水凝胶体积收缩响应过程的实验数据;在相同的金属离子浓度下,AA/AMPS、AA/DMAEMA和AMPS/DMAEMA水凝胶的平衡体积收缩比(V_∞/V_0)和消溶胀速率常数K_d大小顺序总体一致,分别为Fe~(3+)Pb~(2+)Cu~(2+)Ag~+、Cu~(2+)Fe~(3+)Pb~(2+)Ag~+和Pb~(2+)Fe~(3+)Cu~(2+)Ag~+。通过"孤对电子-空轨道"理论从结构上解释了水凝胶在不同价态重金属溶液中的消溶胀机理;AA/AMPS-Fe~(3+)体系、AA/DMAEMA-Cu~(2+)体系和AMPS/DMAEMA-Pb~(2+)体系体积收缩过程的活化能E_(?)分别为3.081、1.86、1.917 kJ·mol~(-1)。