Nb Si基自生复合材料感应熔炼铸锭的组织特征及影响因素

采用氧化钇坩埚真空感应熔炼方法制备了Nb-16Si-22Ti-6Hf和Nb-16Si-22Ti-6Hf-2Cr-2Al合金铸锭, 并在1500 ℃时进行了100 h的热处理。结果表明, 铸态和热处理后的合金均由铌基固溶体(Nb_SS)、Nb₃Si、β-Nb₅Si₃和γ-Nb₅Si₃组成。冷却速度、合金化元素及热处理均会影响合金的组织。冷却速度较低时, 铸锭顶部的组织较粗大; 合金化元素Cr和Al可以促进Nb₃Si的共析转变, 使合金铸锭的组织均匀、细化; 热处理则促进Nb₃Si→Nb₅Si₃+Nb_SS的发生, 且Nb₃Si的尺寸和体积分数均减小, 边界变圆润, Nb_SS枝晶粗化, 共晶组织由片层状变为不规则岛状。      

真空感应熔炼Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Hf-2Cr-2Al合金的组织和性能

The melt with a nominal composition of Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Hf-2Cr-2Al was poured in a ceramic shell mould with a temperature gradient of about 4℃/mm, and the ingot with the dimension of 60 mm×170 mm was obtained. The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties was measured, and the effects of the silicide on fracture toughness at ambient temperature and compression strength at high temperature were analyzed. It is revealed that the microstructure of the alloy consists of Nb solid solution and silicides, and the cooling rate can obviously change primary phase and constituent phases. The volume fraction of Nb₃Si formed at rapid cooling rate is significantly increased, and Nb₅Si₃ phase is formed with decreasing in cooling rate, whereas the volume fraction of the eutectic colonies and Nb_SS dendrites increase evidently, especially the second dendrite arm. Fine and uniform eutectic colonies are contributed to the ambient tensile strength, while the coarse primary Nb₃Si decreases the tensile strength but improves the compression strength of the alloy. When the microstructure is mainly composed of fine (Nb_SS+Nb₅Si₃) eutectic colonies, the tensile strength and elongation of the alloy reach 449 MPa and 0.3%, respectively. When lath-like Nb₃Si phase has 80 $\mu$m in width and 50% in volume fraction as well as its long axis is parallel to compression direction, the compression strength of the alloy at 1250℃ is about 650 MPa.     

真空感应熔炼Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Hf-2Cr-2Al合金经高温热处理后的组织和性能

用真空非自耗电弧熔炼法制备了Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Hf-2Cr-2Al母合金锭, 用Y₂O₃坩埚真空感应熔炼对母合金锭重熔, 浇注在温度梯度约为4 ℃/mm的模壳里, 制备出Φ 60 mm×170 mm铸锭, 研究了1500 ℃/100 h真空热处理后铸锭的组织特征对室温抗拉强度和高温压缩性能的影响。结果表明, 真空感应熔炼Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Hf-2Cr-2Al合金经过1500 ℃/100 h热处理后, 合金锭的组成相为Nb_SS枝晶, Nb₅Si₃层片或不规则颗粒和残留Nb₃Si块。块状Nb₃Si的尺寸越大, 发生完全共析转变需要的时间越长、温度越高。热处理合金锭的室温抗拉强度在208~355 MPa之间, 室温延伸率变化不大, 均小于0.3%。残留的粗大块状Nb₃Si和热处理过程中析出的HfO₂是导致合金锭拉伸性能较低的重要原因。合金锭的高温压缩强度受到组织中硅化物相含量的影响, 压缩强度与硅化物含量成正比。