正电子湮没技术在聚合物中的应用

介绍正电子湮没技术的实验方法、谱图解析方法，概述近几年该技术在聚合物领域的应用和研究进展。实验结果证明，正电子湮没技术是一种先进的材料微观结构—自由体积的探测和表征技术。同时，提出该技术在聚合物研究中使用测量参数o—ps强度I3计算自由体积分数所存在的问题。     

分散红356的合成工艺改进

对现有分散红356合成工艺进行了优化,以n(氢醌)∶n(扁桃酸)=1.2∶1投料,100℃反应30 min得缩合物2,再在等质量磷酸催化下与分批加入的等质量对丙氧基扁桃酸60℃缩合3 h得缩合物3,经温和氧化剂四氯苯醌氧化得标题化合物,总收率55%。     

多孔壳聚糖微球/钯催化剂应用于水相Heck反应

以与壳聚糖具有一定相容性的水溶性高分子(聚乙二醇)为致孔剂,通过相转变法制得了多孔壳聚糖微球负载钯催化剂.利用扫描电镜、ICP-AES等对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,所制备的壳聚糖基多孔微球具有高度开放的多孔结构,钯可有效的进入高分子微球的孔道中实现有效负载.该负载型催化剂能较好地催化丙烯酸丁酯与芳基碘系物的水相Hec...     

壳聚糖基多孔膜的制备方法进展

对壳聚糖基多孔膜制备的主要技术,相转化法、冷冻诱导相分离法、模板浸取法、聚合物辅助倒相法进行了评价,并着重探讨了在聚合物辅助倒相过程中,聚合物共混对的选择对多孔膜结构的影响。     

壳聚糖／水溶性高分子共混膜相容性的预测与表征

高分子（聚乙烯醇和聚乙二醇）间的相容性,壳聚糖与极性水溶性高分子在溶液状态时,分子间相互吸引,相容性好,向本体转化而成膜时,CS／PVA体系比CS／PEG体系有更好的本体相容性。原因可归结为PEG不能像PVA一样提供足够多的极性基团与壳聚糖分子形成强烈相互作用,CS与PEG间的氢键强度要弱于CS与PVA间的氢键;另一个方面,PEG结晶能力很强,在由溶液转化为本体而成膜过程中,PEG分子自身之间易于形成较规整的结晶而逐渐使体系发生分相。     

Synthesis and characterization of aluminum and AI/REE pillared clays and supported palladium catalysts for benzene oxidation

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered as a major pollutant in indoor and outdoor air.More stringent environmental regulations have been implemented in order to reduce the VOC emissions.One of the techniques available for destructive removal of VOCs is catalytic oxidation.In the present work,Al/Rare Earths (REE: Y,Ce,La,Pr and Nd) pillared clays (PILCs) were used to support 0.2 wt.% of palladium for the complete oxidation of low concentration of benzene.The supports and catalysts were characterized by XRD,N2 adsorp-tion/desorption,FTIR spectroscopy,HRTEM and H2-TPR techniques.The results indicated that after Al and Al/REE pillaring,the basal spac-ing,SBET,Amic and Vmic of Al and AlREE-PILC had a considerable increase compared with those of Na-mmt.Activity tests of deep oxidation of benzene showed that the catalytic activity of Pd catalysts supported on Al and AlREE-PILC were much higher than that on initial clays,which was due to the fact that optimized structure of PILCs,such as large basal spacing,high SBET and porosity,improved Pd dispersion and increased the active sites of Pd.Especially for Pd/AlCe-PILC,the temperature of complete oxidation was about 280 oC,exhibiting the highest catalytic activity.     

Synthesis and characterization of aluminum and Al/REE pillared clays and supported palladium catalysts for benzene oxidation

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered as a major pollutant in indoor and outdoor air.More stringent environmental regulations have been implemented in order to reduce the VOC emissions.One of the techniques available for destructive removal of VOCs is catalytic oxidation.In the present work,Al/Rare Earths (REE: Y,Ce,La,Pr and Nd) pillared clays (PILCs) were used to support 0.2 wt.% of palladium for the complete oxidation of low concentration of benzene.The supports and catalysts were characterize...     

环氧树脂/纳米SiO2复合材料摩擦学性能与正电子湮没谱的研究

利用超声波和偶联剂处理的方法，将不同比例的纳米SiO2与环氧树脂相复合，制备了环氧树脂／纳米SiO2复合材料并测定了其显微硬度。用摩擦磨损试验机评价了试样在干摩擦条件下的摩擦学性能，用正电子湮没寿命技术(PALT)测试了试样的微观结构。结果表明，纳米SiO2可有效地改善环氧树脂的摩擦性能；摩擦后试样的自由体积孔穴尺寸比摩擦前大，随着SiO2含量的增加，自由体积孔穴尺寸呈增大趋势，而自由体积孔穴浓度呈减少趋势。     

正电子湮没技术在橡塑共混体系中的应用

通过正电子湮没寿命谱技术(PALS)探测聚合物的自由体积特性,能够了解聚合物的微观性质。介绍了应用PALS在三元乙丙橡胶、丙烯酸酯类共聚物、丁苯橡胶与塑料共混体系中有关自由体积特性的研究现状。实验结果表明PALS作为一种微孔探针技术,能够在橡塑共混体系相容性研究方面发挥重要作用。     

环氧树脂/贝壳粉复合材料的自由体积特性的正电子湮没研究

采用气流磨粉碎的方法制备了平均粒径在微米尺寸的三角蚌贝壳粉,将此贝壳粉与环氧树脂进行熔融共混得到一系列不同配比的复合材料.贝壳粉的有机质有助于提高两相间的相互作用,适量微米级贝壳粉的引入,在环氧基体和粒子相之间形成了一定数量的界面层,两相间有较强的界面亲和力,体系的自由体积尺寸与强度略有下降,中间寿命分量强度升高,这种较好的界面效应使得复合材料在受到外力作用时,断裂能和应力能够很好地通过界面传递到贝壳粒子上,从而使复合材料的性能提高.