Electrical and optical properties of fluorine-doped CdO films deposited by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

The CdO:F samples have been deposited onto microscope glass substrates at 250 °C by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. With the incorporation of fluorine into CdO, the direct optical transition has shifted towards the shorter wavelengths, and the transparency of the material has increased at a given wavelength above the fundamental absorption edge. The shift in the absorption edge is explained by means of the Moss–Burstein effect, which is also supported with the results of the current–voltage characteristics. Here, a correlation has been established between the band broadening and the increase in conductivity due to the increase in carrier density.     

Thermodynamic analysis of solar photovoltaic cell systems

The thermodynamic characteristics of solar photovoltaic (PV) cells are investigated from a perspective based on exergy. A new efficiency is developed that is useful in studying PV performance and possible improvements. Exergy analysis is applied to a PV system and its components, and exergy flows, losses and efficiencies are evaluated. Energy efficiency is seen to vary between 7% and 12% during the day. In contrast, exergy efficiencies, which incorporate the second law of thermodynamics and account for solar irradiation exergy values, are lower for electricity generation using the considered PV system, ranging from 2% to 8%. Values of “fill factors” are determined for the system and observed to be similar to values of exergy efficiency.     

THE RELATION BETWEEN WETTING EFFICIENCY AND LIQUID HOLDUP IN PACKED COLUMNS

Liquid holdup and wetting efficiency in packed columns were determined using a tracer method. A new model was developed considering axial dispersion, and analysis was made using the moment technique. The saturated solution of KG was used as an inert tracer and total liquid holdups were determined in the first part of experiments. As an adsorbable tracer, dioxane was utilized in the second part of the work and wetting efficiencies were obtained. Adsorption equilibrium constant was determined by the experiments conducted in a liquid full bed. A model proposed between liquid holdup and wetting efficiency gave good agreement with the experimental results. Axial dispersion effects were also taken into account during the work. It was also shown that axial dispersion of liquid phase should be considered especially in the small scale trickle bed reactors. @KEYWORDS:Packed beds,Wetting efficiency,Liquid holdup,Tracer method,Moment technique,Trickle bed reactors.     

Dissolution kinetics of ulexite in acetic acid solutions

Ulexite is an important boron mineral used for the production of boron compounds. The aims of this study are to examine the dissolution kinetics of ulexite in acetic acid solutions, and to present an alternative process to produce boric acid. In order to investigate the dissolution kinetics of ulexite in acetic acid solutions, the concentration of solution, reaction temperature, solid-to-liquid ratio, and particle size were selected as experimental parameters. It was determined that the dissolution rate of ulexite increased with increasing solution concentration and temperature and decreasing particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio. The activation energy of the process was found to be 55.8 kJ/mol.     

Synthesis of C60-Furfural Adduct

Diels-Alder cycloaddition of furfural to C₆₀ in toluene has been realised. UV-VIS, FTIR and ¹H-NMR investigations suggest that the conjugated structure of furfural was changed into a non-conjugated structure in the product.     

Static and incremental dynamic approaches for multi-objective bitmap join indexes selection in data warehouses

The Journal of Supercomputing - Data warehouses are very large databases and play key role in intelligent decision making in enterprises. The bitmap join indexes selection problem is crucial in the...     

Multi-verse optimization algorithm- and salp swarm optimization algorithm-based optimization of multilevel inverters

Neural Computing and Applications - Renewable energy sources are installed into both distribution and transmission grids more and more with the introduction of smart grid concept. Hence, efficient...     

Estimating oxygen consumption from heart rate using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system and analytical approaches

In new approaches based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy systems (ANFIS) and analytical method, heart rate (HR) measurements were used to estimate oxygen consumption (VO₂). Thirty-five participants performed Meyer and Flenghi's step-test (eight of which performed regeneration release work), during which heart rate and oxygen consumption were measured. Two individualized models and a General ANFIS model that does not require individual calibration were developed. Results indicated the superior precision achieved with individualized ANFIS modelling (RMSE = 1.0 and 2.8 ml/kg min in laboratory and field, respectively). The analytical model outperformed the traditional linear calibration and Flex-HR methods with field data. The General ANFIS model's estimates of VO₂ were not significantly different from actual field VO₂ measurements (RMSE = 3.5 ml/kg min). With its ease of use and low implementation cost, the General ANFIS model shows potential to replace any of the traditional individualized methods for VO₂ estimation from HR data collected in the field.