分享阳光--比尔的公寓楼

这幢位于瑞士比尔郊区的公寓高三层,由8套大小不同的住宅单元所构成,所处位置能够俯瞰整个小镇,具有极佳的视野。下面的部分是跃层式的二层公寓,上面一层则是普通公寓。楼顶为公共活动区域,设有孩子们的游戏室,其屋顶形式与相邻的建筑风格颇为近似。基地东南向的陡坡非常理想地     

Minimizing the number of tool switches on a flexible machine

This article analyzes a tool switching problem arising in certain flexible manufacturing environments. A batch of jobs have to be successively processed on a single flexible machine. Each job requires a subset of tools, which have to be placed in the tool magazine of the machine before the job can be processed. The tool magazine has a limited capacity, and, in general, the number of tools needed to produce all the jobs exceeds this capacity. Hence, it is sometimes necessary to change tools between two jobs in a sequence. The problem is then to determine a job sequence and an associated sequence of loadings for the tool magazine, such that the total number of tool switches is minimized. This problem has been previously considered by several authors; it is here revisited, both from a theoretical and from a computational viewpoint. Basic results concerning the computational complexity of the problem are established. Several heuristics are proposed for its solution, and their performance is computationally assessed.     

Effect of diethyl ether blended with neem oil methyl esters in CI engine

Vegetable oils are now considered to be a potential alternative that can be used in place of partial or total substitution of diesel fuels. In this study, we used diethyl ether as an oxygenated additive to investigate the possible use of higher percentages of biodiesel in an unmodified diesel engine. Neem oil was selected for biodiesel production. The tests were performed at a steady-state condition in a single-cylinder constant speed DI diesel engine. The combustion process involved in diesel engine would be improved and the particulate matter would be reduced if these biodiesels are blended. An experimental investigation is carried out to establish the emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine using diethyl ether as additive in Neat Neem oil Biodiesel. Emissions of hydro carbon oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide significantly reduced by adding diethyl ether into neem oil biodiesel at 10% and 20% on volume basis.     

Leiterrüstung an der Siegessäule Berlin

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Evaluation and assessment of lumbar load during total shifts for occupational manual materials handling jobs within the Dortmund Lumbar Load Study – DOLLY

The load on the lumbar spine during occupational manual materials handling was previously investigated with respect to short activity sections or to specified load-handling types such as lifting or carrying. Within the so-called Dortmund Lumbar Load Study, analysis of the occupationally induced load on the lumbar spine during total working shifts in the field of surface construction, drop forge, industrial meat processing, and refuse collection was performed on the shop-floor. The body postures adopted, the action forces applied at the hands, and the resultant lumbar load for all load-handling tasks were analysed for 2 shifts in each field on the basis of video evaluations. Via a newly developed detailed classification procedure, the spatial position of the body segments as well as amplitude and direction of the action forces were described in a detailed manner. Consecutive biomechanical model calculations lead, for total shifts, to time courses of various measures for the load on the lumbar spine, such as flexion or torsional moments of force as well as compression and shear forces at the lumbosacral disc. In relation to recommended limits for the maximal disc compression provided in the literature, lumbar load is exceeded in numerous situations during a shift, in particular, with regard to persons of higher age. In a “dose model” applied in this study, the cumulative effect of single-task exposures was considered by superproportional weighting of the compressive force with respect to the corresponding duration of a working task.

Relevance to industry

A comprehensive evaluation of lumbar load for complete shifts is presented considering the real shop-floor conditions. Analyses for dustbin removal, surface construction and industrial meat processing have discovered numerous exceedings of lumbar-load limits. Such tasks should not be performed by older persons from the preventive point of view.     

An ECR-RFQ ion beam facility for materials research with highly charged slow ions

An ion beam facility is described which can produce intense beams of very highly charged ions with variable energy in the keV and MeV regime. This facility consists of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECR) and a radiofrequency quadrupole accelerating structure (RFQ). It provides a relatively cheap and compact device for material research with highly charged ions at surfaces as well as for deep-lying solid layers.     

Two ways to incorporate scale in the Heisenberg group with an intertwining operator

This paper presents two different representations associated with the Heisenberg group in order to incorporate multiscale resolution.The first representation incorporates scale and phase scale with an appropriate intertwining operator analogous to the linear Schrödinger representation associated with the Heisenberg group of shift and phase shift and with the Zak transform. This is done in a simple way by operating the Heisenberg group over an appropriate manifold so that the actions of scale and phase scale are translated to a local shift and a phase shift. As a result, a new signal decomposition of multiscale resolution is determined with the ability to observe new information on scale resolution that may be useful for image compression and extension.The second representation extends the Schrödinger representation to include scaling. The hybrid multiscale-Heisenberg representation determines a four-parameter linear group. The new group contains the Heisenberg and the affine as subgroups, where the former is also a normal subgroup. This leads to various signal representation, including Heisenberg—Gabor wavelets, multiscale wavelets, and hybrid multiscale-Heisenberg wavelets.