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排序方式: 共有248条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Aneta Fraczek-Szczypta Maciej Bogun Stanislaw Blazewicz 《Journal of Materials Science》2009,44(17):4721-4727
Carbon nanotubes were used to modify a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer solution before the manufacture of the carbon fiber
precursor. The modified PAN fibers were spun from a dimethylformamide solution containing a small amount of single-walled
carbon nanotubes. The fibers were characterized by thermogravimetry and optical and scanning electron microscopy. Structure,
morphology, and selected properties of the composite polymeric fibers and the fibers after carbonization are characterized.
The mechanical properties of the fibers are examined. It is found that nanotubes in the PAN solution have a strong tendency
to form agglomerates that inhibit suitable macromolecular chain orientation of the carbon fiber precursor. Fibers manufactured
from such a solution have similar mechanical properties to those from a pure PAN precursor, and after carbonization the resultant
carbon fibers are very weak. A comparison of pure carbon fibers and those containing nanotubes reveals slight differences
in their structural ordering. 相似文献
3.
Aneta Sevcikova Nikola Izoldova Viola Stevurkova Barbora Kasperova Michal Chovanec Sona Ciernikova Michal Mego 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(1)
Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to therapy in human cancer cells has become a multifaceted limiting factor to achieving optimal cures in cancer patients. Besides genetic and epigenetic alterations, enhanced DNA damage repair activity, deregulation of cell death, overexpression of transmembrane transporters, and complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment, other mechanisms of cancer treatment resistance have been recently proposed. In this review, we will summarize the preclinical and clinical studies highlighting the critical role of the microbiome in the efficacy of cancer treatment, concerning mainly chemotherapy and immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. In addition to involvement in drug metabolism and immune surveillance, the production of microbiota-derived metabolites might represent the link between gut/intratumoral bacteria and response to anticancer therapies. Importantly, an emerging trend of using microbiota modulation by probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to overcome cancer treatment resistance will be also discussed. 相似文献
4.
Jan Bilski Agnieszka Irena Mazur-Bialy Marcin Surmiak Magdalena Hubalewska-Mazgaj Janusz Pokorski Jacek Nitecki Ewa Nitecka Joanna Pokorska Aneta Targosz Agata Ptak-Belowska Jerzy A. Zoladz Tomasz Brzozowski 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(22)
Physical exercise is known to influence hormonal mediators of appetite, but the effect of short-term maximal intensity exercise on plasma levels of appetite hormones and cytokines has been little studied. We investigated the effect of a 30 s Wingate Test, followed by a postprandial period, on appetite sensations, food intake, and appetite hormones. Twenty-six physically active young males rated their subjective feelings of hunger, prospective food consumption, and fatigue on visual analogue scales at baseline, after exercise was completed, and during the postprandial period. Blood samples were obtained for the measurement of nesfatin-1, ghrelin, leptin, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), human growth factor (hGH) and cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), irisin and plasma lactate concentrations, at 30 min before exercise, immediately (210 s) after exercise, and 30 min following a meal and at corresponding times in control sedentary males without ad libitum meal intake, respectively. Appetite perceptions and food intake were decreased in response to exercise. Plasma levels of irisin, IL-6, lactate, nesfatin-1 and ghrelin was increased after exercise and then it was returned to postprandial/control period in both groups. A significant rise in plasma insulin, hGH and PP levels after exercise was observed while meal intake potentiated this response. In conclusion, an acute short-term fatiguing exercise can transiently suppress hunger sensations and food intake in humans. We postulate that this physiological response involves exercise-induced alterations in plasma hormones and the release of myokines such as irisin and IL-6, and supports the notion of existence of the skeletal muscle–brain–gut axis. Nevertheless, the detailed relationship between acute exercise releasing myokines, appetite sensations and impairment of this axis leading to several diseases should be further examined. 相似文献
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Tremendous advances in crop biotechnology related to the availability of molecular tools and methods developed for transformation and regeneration of specific plant species have been observed. As a consequence, the interest in plant molecular farming aimed at producing the desired therapeutic proteins has significantly increased. Since the middle of the 1980s, recombinant pharmaceuticals have transformed the treatment of many serious diseases and nowadays are used in all branches of medicine. The available systems of the synthesis include wild-type or modified mammalian cells, plants or plant cell cultures, insects, yeast, fungi, or bacteria. Undeniable benefits such as well-characterised breeding conditions, safety, and relatively low costs of production make plants an attractive yet competitive platform for biopharmaceutical production. Some of the vegetable plants that have edible tubers, fruits, leaves, or seeds may be desirable as inexpensive bioreactors because these organs can provide edible vaccines and thus omit the purification step of the final product. Some crucial facts in the development of plant-made pharmaceuticals are presented here in brief. Although crop systems do not require more strictly dedicated optimization of methodologies at any stages of the of biopharmaceutical production process, here we recall the complete framework of such a project, along with theoretical background. Thus, a brief review of the advantages and disadvantages of different systems, the principles for the selection of cis elements for the expression cassettes, and available methods of plant transformation, through to the protein recovery and purification stage, are all presented here. We also outline the achievements in the production of biopharmaceuticals in economically important crop plants and provide examples of their clinical trials and commercialization. 相似文献
7.
Aneta Zima Zofia Paszkiewicz Dominika Siek Joanna Czechowska Anna Ślósarczyk 《Ceramics International》2012,38(6):4935-4942
In order to improve some features of bone substitutes the new self-setting composite-type implant material based on Mg2+/CO32? co-substituted hydroxyapatite (Mg-CHA) and calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) was developed. Synthetic hydroxyapatites doped with small amounts of additives found in natural bone (e.g. Mg2+ and CO32?) are regarded as promising components of calcium phosphate bone cements (CPCs). The CPCs, now available on the market, due to low resorption rate are too stable to permit material degradation and are slowly replaced by the newly formed bone. To improve cement resorption we used calcium sulfate which is a well-known biodegradable and biocompatible bone defect filler. Combining properties of Mg-CHA and CSH allowed developing a new, promising, easy shapeable implant material with high potential for bone regeneration. 相似文献
8.
This paper shows the results of welding tests used so far on high-temperature creep resistant steels and new bainitic and martensitic steels. The positive results of this research allowed the elaboration of a welding procedure specification that was ultimately approved by TÜV. This then allowed the SEFAKO Company to attempt welding of the latest generation boiler steels for use under heavy conditions. 相似文献
9.
The goal of this study was the investigation of the effectiveness of dialkyldithiophosphate acids (HDDPs) films in improving
the tribological properties of thin, sol–gel derived titania coatings. Amorphous, anatase, and rutile titania coatings were
obtained using sol–gel dip–coating deposition after treatment at 100, 500, and 1,000 °C, respectively. Titania coatings were
then modified from the liquid phase by HDDPs acids having dodecyl-(C12), tetradecyl-(C14), and hexadecyl-(C16) alkyl chains deposited by dip–coating (DC) and Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) methods. The influence of the deposition procedure,
the length of the HDDPs alkyl chain and the type of titania substrate on the surface morphology and tribological properties
were studied. It was found, using wetting contact angle measurements, that these modifications of titania coatings decrease
the surface free energy and increase its hydrophobicity. The surface topography imaged by Atomic force microscopy (AFM), exhibit
island-like or agglomerate features for the DC deposition method, while smooth topographies were observed for LB depositions.
Tribological tests were conducted by means of a microtribometer operating in the normal load range 30–100 mN. An enhancement
of tribological properties was observed upon modification, as compared to unmodified titania. 相似文献
10.
The use of carbon nanohorns (SWCNHs) as a modifying filler in a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) matrix is studied with the goal of
elaborating nanocomposites. The study deals with assessment of the dispersity of SWCNHs in a PAN polymer suspension. The SWCNHs
were introduced into the PAN-based suspension using different methods, including mechanical stirring, ultrasonification and
the combination of ultrasonification with addition of a surfactant. Agglomeration and dispersion processes of SWCNH in the
polymer suspensions were studied using DLS technique and turbidimetry. The resulting properties of nanocomposite foils after
solidification in water ambient were verified in various tests. The mechanical tensile properties (tensile strength, modulus
and strain to fracture) of the nanocomposites before and after the dispersion process were compared. The nanocomposites obtained
under optimally prepared suspension perform the highest strain to fracture in tensile test. Electrical resistivity and thermal
conductivity of nanocomposites samples after appropriate dispersion of SWCNHs in the PAN suspension were also determined.
The presence of SWCNH in the PAN suspension affects the structure of nanocomposites after solidification through changing
structural ordering of the polymer. The study revealed that the polymeric suspensions prepared in optimum processing conditions
contain the carbon aggregates the size of which correspond almost to the mean size of a dahlia flower-like structured particle, i.e., 50–250 nm and it was not possible to separate such particles into a single form of carbon nanohorn
by the techniques used. 相似文献