Pressure anomaly in the paramagnetic region of bcc solid3He

The isochoric pressure of bcc Solid³He in the vicinity of the triple point has been measured by changing the temperature stepwisely and waiting for thermal equilibrium. We observed anomalous pressure kinks of the temperature dependence in the paramagnetic region near the triple point. This anomaly appeared at 0.37 to 0.40 tesla, and disappeared below 0.36 tesla. Moreover, critical phenomena at the transition point from the paramagnetic phase (PP) to the high field phase was observed and the phase line curves toward the PP side.     

Hydration Study of the System Ca3Al2O6–CaSO4· 2H2O–Ca(OH)2–H2O with and without Citric Acid

Hydration occurring in the system Ca₃Al₂O₆–CaSO₄· 2H₂O–Ca(OH)₂–H₂O has been studied at different temperatures and it was found that the reactions are diffusion controlled. The kinetic data obeyed Jander's equation and the rate of reaction increased with increasing temperature. X-ray diffraction studies and calorimetric measurements show that when gypsum is consumed, ettringite is converted into monosulfate. The rate of this conversion also increased with the increasing temperature and decreased in the presence of citric acid. Spectroscopic studies showed that there was some interaction between citric acid and the cement and that the product of hydration is of colloidal nature. Zeta potential measurements show that retardation of Ca₃Al₂O₆ hydration in the presence of gypsum and Ca(OH)₂ is not due to SO²⁻₄ adsorption. Electrical conductivity and thermoelectric potential measurements of solid Ca₃Al₂O₆ show that Ca₃Al₂O₆ is an n -type semiconductor and contains defects. The retardation of Ca₃Al₂O₆ may be due to poisoning of reaction sites by gypsum and Ca(OH)_2.     

Hierarchical and Hybrid Cell Load Balancing in 5G Heterogeneous Mobile Networks

In Fifth Generation (5G) Heterogeneous Mobile Networks (HetNets), deploying dense small cell networks makes user association more challenging. The process of collecting cell load information from the User Equipments (UEs) and broadcasting the feedback message involves significant overhead and time complexity. Moreover, the UEs may not know the optimum cell to reselect, satisfying its data rate requirements. In order to overcome these drawbacks, in this paper, we propose to design an Hierarchical and Hybrid Cell Load Balancing (HHCLB) technique using Selective Handoff. In this technique, the UEs of each cell are grouped into clusters depending on their proximity distance. Each cluster contains a cluster controller (CC) which is in charge of determining the intra-cell load and redirecting the cell-reselection request of a UE. If the data rate of any UE in a cluster becomes less than its required rate, then the cell reselection process is performed. By simulation results, it is shown that load balancing can be done proactively (implicitly) by the CCs when the load is unbalanced or can be done on demand (explicitly) when a UE send a request for cell reselection. In the case of Macro cells, HHCLB attains 71% higher throughput for low load scenario and 59% higher throughput for high load scenario. Similarly, in the case of Femto cells, HHCLB attains 19% higher throughput for low load scenario and 27% higher throughput for high load scenario.     

Understand Students Feedback Using Bi-Integrated CRF Model Based Target Extraction

Educational institutions showing interest to find the opinion of the students about their course and the instructors to enhance the teaching-learning process. For this, most research uses sentiment analysis to track students’ behavior. Traditional sentence-level sentiment analysis focuses on the whole sentence sentiment. Previous studies show that the sentiments alone are not enough to observe the feeling of the students because different words express different sentiments in a sentence. There is a need to extract the targets in a given sentence which helps to find the sentiment towards those targets. Target extraction is the subtask of targeted sentiment analysis. In this paper, we proposed the innovative model to find the targets of the given sentence using Bi-Integrated Conditional Random Fields (CRF). A Parallel fusion neural network model is designed to perform this task. We evaluate the model using the Michigan dataset and we build a dataset for target extraction from student reviews. The experimental results show that our proposed fusion model achieves better results compared to baseline models.     

Rheological and thermal properties of saponified cassava starch‐g‐poly(acrylamide) superabsorbent polymers varying in grafting parameters and absorbency

Cassava starch‐graft‐poly(acrylamide) superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) with varying absorbencies were synthesized. Weight average molecular weight (M_w) of the hydrolyzed starch‐graft‐copolymers ranged from 1.6 × 10⁶ to 2.8 × 10⁶ g/mol, the largest being shown by the sample with highest percentage grafting. The storage (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of hydrogels were determined as a function of frequency. G″ was larger than G′ for the hydrogels with higher absorbencies and exhibited a liquid‐like behavior. However, hydrogels with lower absorbencies showed a reverse viscoelastic behavior. The viscosity of hydrogels determined using a Brookfield viscometer at different shear rates was found to be larger for the hydrogels with higher absorbencies. The melting temperature (T_m) and enthalpy change of fusion (ΔH_f) of the SAPs ranged from 149.7 to 177.7°C and 65 to 494.9 J/g, respectively and showed a positive correlation with grafting parameters and M_w. Heavy metal ion removal capacity of hydrogel followed the order Cu²⁺ > Pb²⁺ > Zn²⁺. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40368.     

Carbohydrate changes in ripening Capsicum annuum in relation to textural degradation

 Within 8 days of harvest, fruits of Capsium annum showed striking changes in texture when ripened at room temperature. Physiologically, they showed a significant weight loss and organoleptically, a change in textural firmness which was evident microscopically, as extensive cellular damage. The associated biochemical changes during ripening were: (1) an increase in free-sugar levels, (2) an increase in in situ hydrolysis of some hemicellulose fractions (Hem a, b and c) and (3) a general increase in the activity of cellulase, α-mannosidase, laminarinase, polygalacturanase, galactanase, mannanase, β-galactosidase and hemicellulase (HCe) activity on Hem b and c. In contrast the activity of xylanase, pectin methyl esterase and HCe on Hem a decreased during ripening. Cold storage (8°C) held textural changes in check, resulting in a longer shelf-life for cold-stored fruits compared to fruits stored at room temperature. Received: 14 May 1997     

Pool Boiling Enhancement through Graphene and Graphene Oxide Coatings

ABSTRACT

Boiling has served as an effective means to dissipate large quantities of heat over small areas. Graphene, a two-dimensional material, has garnered significant attention of researchers due to its excellent thermal properties. In this study, copper test chips are dip coated with a solution consisting of graphene oxide and graphene and its pool boiling performance with distilled water at atmospheric pressure was investigated. The surfaces were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy which confirmed the presence of graphene and graphene oxide. The contact angles measured on the coated surfaces indicated hydrophobic wetting behavior. Four heat transfer surfaces were prepared with dip coating durations of 120 s, 300 s, 600 s, and 1200 s, respectively. A Critical Heat Flux (CHF) of 182 W/cm² and a heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of 96 kW/m²°C was obtained with the shortest coating duration which translated to an enhancement of 42% in CHF and 47% in HTC when compared to a plain uncoated surface under similar conditions. Contact angle changes were not seen to be responsible, although roughness was seen as an influencing factor contributing to the enhancement. Further studies are needed to explain the enhancement mechanism.     

The Future of Mental Health.

Examines the two sets of criteria that generally categorize mental health: those that emphasize internal events and those that deal with external events. The author discusses the future of mental health in light of many of its current trends, including greater acceptance of diversity, and he discusses the potential future role of the mental health professional. The author notes that greater numbers of mental health professionals have gotten involved with different populations, and suggests that the majority of mental health professionals will probably be experts in handling small units of behavior or experience for a limited time. The very process of making predictions changes the future course of events. Let us hope that this intricate process will result in greater satisfaction for greater numbers of people. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)