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1.
E. N. Frankel R. A. Awl J. P. Friedrich 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1979,56(12):965-969
The use of Cr(CO)6 was investigated to convert polyunsaturated fats intocis unsaturated products. With methyl sorbate, the same order of selectivity for the formation ofcis-3-hexenoate was demonstrated for Cr(CO)6 as for the arene-Cr(CO)3 complexes. With conjugated fatty esters, the stereoselectivity of Cr(CO)6 toward thetrans, trans diene system was particularly high in acetone. However, this solvent was not suitable at elevated temperatures required to
hydrogenatecis, trans- andcis, cis-conjugated dienes (175 C) and nonconjugated soybean oil (200 C). Reaction parameters were analyzed statistically to optimize
hydrogenation of methyl sorbate and soybean oil. To achieve acceptable oxidative stability, it is necessary to reduce the
linolenate constituent of soybean oil below 1–3%. When this is done commercially with conventional heterogenous catalysts,
the hydrogenated products contain more than 15%trans unsaturation. By hydrogenating soybean oil with Cr(CO)6 (200 C, 500 psi H2, 1% catalyst in hexane solution), the product contains less than 3% each of linolenate andtrans unsaturation. Recycling of Cr(CO)6 catalyst by sublimation was carried through three hydrogenations of soybean oil, but, about 10% of the chromium was lost
in each cycle by decomposition. The hydrogenation mechanism of Cr(CO)6 is compared with that of arene-Cr(CO)3 complexes.
Presented in part at Seventh Conference on Catalysis in Organic Syntheses, Chicago, Illinois, June 5–7, 1978. 相似文献
2.
R. A. Awl E. N. Frankel E. H. Pryde J. C. Cowan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1972,49(4):222-228
Several acetals and an enol ether were prepared from methyl 9(10)-formylstearate and characterized with respect to their thermal,
spectroscopic and chromatographic properties. These low-melting (below −80 C) compounds were generally compatible as secondary
poly(vinyl chloride) plasticizers and imparted low-temperature properties that were intermediate between those obtained with
dioctyl phthalate and dioctyl sebacate.
Presented at AOCS Meeting, Atlantic City, October 1971.
N. Market. Nutr. Res. Div., ARS, USDA. 相似文献
3.
R. A. Awl W. E. Neff D. Weisleder E. H. Pryde 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1976,53(1):20-26
Condensation polymers were prepared from the pentaerythritol acetal of methyl 9(10)-formylstearate by reaction with diamines
and with ethylene glycol. The glycerol acetal was self-condensed to a poly(ester-acetal) and also copolymerized with caprolactam.
A novel step growth, addition polymerization was carried out with ethylene bis[9(10)-methoxymethylenesterate] and pentaerythritol.
Physical and spectral (infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance) properties of the various products were determined. In general,
the long C8–C9 side chains in the polymers of the pentaerythritol acetal of methyl 9(10)-formylstearate reduced crystallinity to such a
degree that, unlike polymers from methyl azelaaldehydate pentaerythritol acetal, they were soluble in the more ordinary solvents,
e.g., chloroform and tetrahydrofuran.
Presented in part at the 45th Fall AOCS Meeting, Atlantic City, New Jersey, October 3–6, 1971. 相似文献
4.
W. L. Kohlhase W. E. Neff R. A. Awl E. H. Pryde J. C. Cowan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1974,51(5):204-209
9-Aminononanoic acid, 9-aminononanamide, and related compounds derived from soybean oil by reactions, including reductive
ozonolysis and reductive amination, were separated on an analytical scale either by gas liquid chromatography of trifluoroacetylated
or trimethylsilylated derivatives or by thin layer chromatography and on a preparative scale by ion-exchange chromatography.
Comparative analyses also were carried out with certain homologous ω-amino acids and amines.
Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Chicago, September 1973.
ARS, USDA. 相似文献
5.
R. A. Awl E. N. Frankel E. H. Pryde 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1976,53(5):190-195
Previous studies on hydroformylation of methyl oleate with rhodium and triphenylphosphine or triphenylphosphite have led to
a laboratory process for recycling the precious metal catalyst. Another catalyst recycling process has now been studied as
the basis for converting commercially available oleic acid into the enol ether of methyl formylstearate. The process involves
one-step esterification-acetalation of formylstearic acid made by hydroformylating oleic acid with rhodium and triphenylphosphine.
Esterification-acetalation is done in a recycling system with methanol, an acid-exchange resin for catalysis, and molecular
sieves to remove water from the reaction mixture. The dimethyl acetal methyl ester formed from formylstearic acid is thermally
cracked and distilled in one pot to produce the enol ether, methyl methoxymethylenestearate. The soluble rhodium catalyst
in the distillation residue is combined with the insoluble catalyst from filtration and recycled for hydroformylation. The
product methoxymethylenestearate is a versatile and stable derivative for various potential industrial applications.
Presented at the AOCS meeting, Cincinnati, September 1975. 相似文献
6.
cis-bond-producing hydrogenation of polyunsaturates catalyzed by polymer-complexed Cr(CO)3 catalysts
R. A. Awl E. N. Frankel J. P. Friedrich E. H. Pryde 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1978,55(7):577-582
cis-Bond-producing chromium carbonyl catalysts were prepared by complexing conventional or macroreticular, styrene-divinylbenzene
copolymers or cross-linked poly (vinyl benzoate) with Cr(CO)6. With one exception, these polymer-Cr(CO)3 catalysts were as selective as the corresponding homogeneous arene-Cr(CO)3 complexes for the formation ofcis-monoenes from methyl sorbate and from conjugated, polyunsaturated fatty esters in cyclohexane. Although several of the polymer
catalysts were very active when fresh, they all lost activity on recycling. They could not be recycled more than two times
before a marked decrease in activity occurred due to loss of Cr, as shown by elemental analysis and infrared absorption in
the recovered catalyst. Thermal analysis indicated instability of the polymer complexes at hydrogenation temperatures. 相似文献
7.
A silica-bonded complex was prepared by reacting polyphenylsiloxane with silylated Chromosorb and then with Cr(CO)6. This complex catalyzed stereoselective hydrogenation of sorbate tocis-3-hexenoate. Soybean methyl esters were hydrogenated at 210 C in cyclohexane to form products high incis unsaturation. The recovered catalyst could be recycled once with methyl sorbate. IR showed decreased Cr(CO)3 in the recovered catalysts, and the hydrogenation products contained inactive Cr. 相似文献
8.
Synthesis and characterization of triacylglycerols containing linoleate and linolenate 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Triacylglycerols containing linoleate and linolenate found in vegetable oils were synthesized in gram quantities for oxidation
studies. Two acylation methods were examined to convert diacylglycerols or monoacylglycerols to the desired triacylglycerols.
Acylations with fatty acid and 1,1′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine were more rapid, gave
triacylglycerols of better isomeric purities and generally better overall yields than the acylations with acid chloride in
pyridine. The functional and isomeric purity of the synthetic triacylglycerols were investigated by thin-layer and gas-liquid
chromatography of the methyl esters, by lipase hydrolysis, and by13C NMR. Quantitative13C NMR provided a valuable tool to determine isomeric structures of the unsaturated triacylglycerols and complemented the lipase
hydrolysis method. The triacylglycerols purified by dry column chromatography were obtained in the following respective percent
yields, functional and isomeric purities: LLLn, 92.1, 99.4, 98.1; LLnLn, 91.7, 99.2, 97.4; LLnL, 84.2, 99.7, 98.9; and LnLLn
77.5, 97.8, 99.0 (where L=linoleoyl and Ln=linolenoyl glycerol residues). These synthetic triacylglycerols are valuable models
to elucidate the interrelationship of unsaturated fatty acids on the oxidative stability of polyunraturated vegetable oils.
Presented in part at the AOCS meeting in Phoenix, AZ in May 1988. 相似文献
9.
R. A. Awl E. N. Frankel E. H. Pryde G. R. Riser 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1974,51(5):224-228
Dimethyl and ethylene acetals of polyformylated unsaturated fatty esters were prepared, characterized, and evaluated as polyvinyl
chloride plasticizers. Dimethyl acetals were prepared with trimethyl orthoformate as a water scavenger in the acid catalyzed
acetalation reaction. With ethylene acetals, water was removed azeotropically. Although the acetals prepared were mixtures,
molecular distillation gave diacetal esters of 80–90% purity and triacetal esters of 80–95% purity. The samples were characterized
by gas liquid chromatography and by IR and NMR spectra. Compared to di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate as a plasticizer for polyvinyl
chloride, the triacetal esters (both dimethyl and ethylene acetals) gave less migration and at least equivalent volatility
characteristics; the triacetals also gave equivalent compatibility and strength, but somewhat less desirable low temperature
and heat stability properties. The diacetal esters also had good compatibility, equivalent strength, somewhat better low temperature,
but less desirable migration and volatility properties.
Presented at the AOCS Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, September 1973.
ARS, USDA. 相似文献
10.
R. A. Awl E. H. Pryde D. Weisleder W. K. Rohwedder J. C. Cowan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1971,48(5):232-236
Reductive ozonolysis of appropriate alkyl soyates in various participating media producted methyl, ethyl,n-propyl, isopropyl andn-butyl azelaaldehydates in good yield and high purity (98+%). The participating media examined were: methyl, ethyl,n-propyl andn-butyl alcohols; mixtures of an alcohol and acetic acid; water; and mixtures of water and acetic acid. Any combination of
solvent and ester, except methanol-methyl soyate, allowed good separation by fractional distillation of ester and acetal impurities
from the azelaaldehydate. A preparative method was developed by which high purity ethyl azelaaldehydate is produced from soybean
oil by reductive ozonolysis in water. The only major impurity by this method was ethyl hydrogen azelate, which was easily
removed with a bicarbonate wash. After a single fractional distillation with a short Vigreux column, the azelaaldehydate was
obtained in 78% yield and 98+% purity. Physical properties and spectral (IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy) and chromatographic
data were determined for the pure alkyl azelaaldehydates. Several of these properties were also determined for acetal and
diester byproducts.
Presented at the AOCS-ISF Meeting, Chicago, September–October 1970. 相似文献