Polarized light reflectometer

The modulated reflected and nonreflected light fluxes, measured as the azimuth of incident linearly polarized light is varied, yield the absolute reflectances R(p), and R(s), of a dielectric or semiconductor surface. Application to a reflective Si detector determines the refractive index and thickness of a SiO(2) film on the detector surface.     

New aspect-oriented constructs for security hardening concerns

In this paper, we present new pointcuts and primitives to Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) languages that are needed for systematic hardening of security concerns. The two proposed pointcuts allow to identify particular join points in a program's control-flow graph (CFG). The first one is the GAFlow, Closest Guaranteed Ancestor, which returns the closest ancestor join point to the pointcuts of interest that is on all their runtime paths. The second one is the GDFlow, Closest Guaranteed Descendant, which returns the closest child join point that can be reached by all paths starting from the pointcut of interest. The two proposed primitives are called ExportParameter and ImportParameter and are used to pass parameters between two pointcuts. They allow to analyze a program's call graph in order to determine how to change function signatures for passing the parameters associated with a given security hardening. We find these pointcuts and primitives to be necessary because they are needed to perform many security hardening practices and, to the best of our knowledge, none of the existing ones can provide their functionalities. Moreover, we show the viability and correctness of the proposed pointcuts and primitives by elaborating and implementing their algorithms and presenting the result of explanatory case studies.     

Longitudinal polarization-dependent coupling of light from anoptical fiber to a side-bonded planar proximity detector: application tointegrated azimuthally distributed multidetector photopolarimeters

An in-line integrated fiber-optic photopolarimeter (IFOP) is described for the complete measurement of the state of polarization (SOP) of light. The IFOP consists of four azimuthally distributed side-bonded planar proximity detectors (SBPPDs), each of which develops an electrical signal proportional to the polarization-dependent fraction of light that it absorbs from the fiber guide. The four outputs thus developed determine the four Stokes parameters of light in the fiber via an instrument matrix which is fixed by calibration, in much the same way as has been established for the four-detector polarimeter of unguided beams. Simpler IFOPs using only two detectors, of which at least one is a SBPPD, are also proposed for partial or complete measurement of the SOP     

Anodic destruction of 4-chlorophenol solution

The electrochemical oxidation of 4-chlorophenol solutions was studied using a dimensional stable anode (DSA), made of pure titanium sheet mesh coated with Ti/TiO(2) and RuO(2) film. An electrochemical cell with one working electrode and two counter-electrodes was designed. A gas collecting system to collect the electrolysis gaseous products was also designed. The influence of current density (6.51-21.58 mA/cm(2)), pH (2.0-12.6) and initial 4-chlorophenol concentration (25-100 mg/l) on the destruction was investigated. Complete elimination was successfully achieved within 2 h for most investigated conditions. Highest rates of elimination were achieved at a pH of 12.6.A new approach to calculate the current efficiency (CE) of the cell was proposed. The volumes of the gases produced at the anode and at the cathode were the basis for the new CE calculations. It was observed that the worst CE was approximately 20% and the best CE was approximately 89%. The most efficient pH was at 12.6 and the most efficient current density was at 11.39 mA/cm(2).