Techniques,perspectives, and challenges of bioactive peptide generation: A comprehensive systematic review

Due to the digestible refractory and absorbable structures of bioactive peptides (BPs), they could induce notable biological impacts on the living organism. In this regard, the current study was devoted to providing an overview regarding the available methods for BPs generation by the aid of a systematic review conducted on the published articles up to April 2019. In this context, the PubMed and Scopus databases were screened to retrieve the related publications. According to the results, although the characterization of BPs mainly has been performed using enzymatic and microbial in‐vitro methods, they cannot be considered as suitable techniques for further stimulation of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, new approaches for both in‐vivo and in‐silico methods for BPs identification should be developed to overcome the obstacles that belonged to the current methods. The purpose of this review was to compile the recent analytical methods applied for studying various aspects of food‐derived biopeptides, and emphasizing generation at in vitro, in vivo, and in silico.     

Visualization and User-Modeling for Browsing Personal Photo Libraries

We present a user-centric system for visualization and layout for content-based image retrieval. Image features (visual and/or semantic) are used to display retrievals as thumbnails in a 2-D spatial layout or “configuration” which conveys all pair-wise mutual similarities. A graphical optimization technique is used to provide maximally uncluttered and informative layouts. Moreover, a novel subspace feature weighting technique can be used to modify 2-D layouts in a variety of context-dependent ways. An efficient computational technique for subspace weighting and re-estimation leads to a simple user-modeling framework whereby the system can learn to display query results based on layout examples (or relevance feedback) provided by the user. The resulting retrieval, browsing and visualization can adapt to the user's (time-varying) notions of content, context and preferences in style and interactive navigation. Monte Carlo simulations with machine-generated layouts as well as pilot user studies have demonstrated the ability of this framework to model or “mimic” users, by automatically generating layouts according to their preferences.     

An Augmented k-ary Tree Multiprocessor with Real-Time Fault-Tolerant Capability

We present a real-time fault-tolerant design for an l-level k-ary tree multiprocessor and examine its reconfigurability. The k-ary tree is augmented by spare nodes and spare links. By utilizing the capabilities of wave-switching communication modules of the spare nodes, faulty nodes and faulty links can be tolerated. We consider two modes of operations. In the strict mode, the multiprocessor is under heavy computation or hard deadline and therefore we use a fast and local reconfiguration scheme to tolerate the faulty nodes. In the relaxed mode, where light computation or soft deadline is encountered, a global reconfiguration scheme is used to maximize the utilization of spare nodes, both in this mode as well as in the next strict mode. Both theoretical and simulation results are examined. Our simulation results, in the relaxed mode of operation, reveal that our approach can tolerate significantly more faulty nodes than other approaches, with a low overhead and no performance degradation.     

Regions-of-Interest and Spatial Layout for Content-Based Image Retrieval

To date most content-based image retrieval (CBIR) techniques rely on global attributes such as color or texture histograms which tend to ignore the spatial composition of the image. In this paper, we present an alternative image retrieval system based on the principle that it is the user who is most qualified to specify the query content and not the computer. With our system, the user can select multiple regions-of-interest and can specify the relevance of their spatial layout in the retrieval process. We also derive similarity bounds on histogram distances for pruning the database search. This experimental system was found to be superior to global indexing techniques as measured by statistical sampling of multiple users' satisfaction ratings.