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1.
2.
Recent observations at operating plants and subsequent US NRC requirements have identified flow stratification in surge lines as a phenomenon that must be considered in the design basis of surge lines. To address these concerns, the stratified loading conditions were included in the design of YGN 3 and 4 surge line as a design basis transient and pipe temperature and displacement measurement were taken during YGN 3 pre-core hot functional testing to determine the degree of surge line flow stratification. The measured displacements and temperatures were extensively reviewed and evaluated in detail: (1) to verify the validity of the thermal hydraulic model used to predict the pipe top-to-bottom temperature differentials; (2) to analytically correlate measured surge line temperatures and displacements; and (3) to confirm the validity of the stratified flow analysis procedure. This paper shows that the stratified flow phenomenon is generic and therefore generic loadings can be developed and evaluated for the surge line analyses. 相似文献
3.
INTRODUCTION: Previous work has shown that parents prefer to be present when their children undergo common invasive procedures, although physicians are ambivalent about parental presence. PURPOSE: To determine the effect of a parent-focused intervention on the pain and performance of the procedure, anxiety of parents and clinicians, and parental satisfaction with care. POPULATION: Children younger than 3 years old undergoing venipuncture, intravenous cannulation, or uretheral catheterization. SETTING: Pediatric emergency department of Boston City Hospital. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial with three groups; parents present and given instructions on how to help their children; parents present, but no instructions given; and parents not present. INTERVENTION: The parents were instructed to touch, talk to, and maintain eye contact during the procedure. RESULTS: A total of 431 parents was randomized to the intervention (N = 153), present (N = 147), and not present (N = 131) groups. The groups were equivalent with respect to measured sociodemographic variables and parents' previous experience in the pediatric emergency department. No differences emerged with respect to pain (3-point scale measured by parent and clinician, and analysis of cry); performance of the procedure (number of attempts, completion of procedure by first clinician, time); clinician anxiety; or parental satisfaction with care. Parents who were present were more likely to rate the pain of the children as extreme/severe (52%) in comparison to clinicians (15%, kappa .07, poor agreement) and were significantly less anxious than parents who were not present. CONCLUSION: Overall, the intervention was not effective in reducing the pain of routine procedures. Parental presence did not negatively affect performance of the procedure or increase clinician anxiety. Parents who were present were less anxious than those who were not present. CLINICAL IMPLICATION: In general, parents have indicated that they want to be present when their children undergo procedures. The results of this study challenge the traditional belief that parental presence negatively affects our ability to successfully complete procedures. We should encourage parents who want to be present to stay during procedures. 相似文献
4.
T Bakács Z Végh AH Merry RB Sim L Varga Z Kertész G Tusnády E Klein 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,35(3):219-228
The lysis of group AB erythrocytes by human complement was studied by different anti-A and anti-B IgM monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in a 51Cr-release assay. The concentration of membrane-bound immunoglobulin was detected by ELISA, and the amount of C1q and C3 bound to sensitized red cells was measured by using purified, 125I-labelled molecules. We have demonstrated that there is an exponential relationship between the concentration of the sensitizing IgM mabs and C1q binding to the sensitized AB cell. The efficiency of binding was related to the number of antibodies bound; thus, anti-A sensitized cells bound 3-6 times more C1q than anti-B sensitized cells did. AB cells, on the other hand, bound similar amounts of C3 whether anti-A or anti-B was present. The lytic efficiencies of the various IgM mabs during short incubation times were different, suggesting that the complement activation rates vary widely with different antibodies on the AB cell membrane. The binding of C1q to an antibody-sensitized target activates a cascade, whose components may migrate away from the sensitizing antibody; interactions between the activation processes generated by the anti-A and anti-B antibodies may thus occur. Choosing appropriate pairs of anti-A and anti-B mabs for the simultaneous sensitization of AB cells has indeed resulted in stimulation in some and inhibition in other combinations of mabs. It is suggested that stimulation is observed when the activated intermediates are produced in excess, whereas inhibition occurs when a shortage of activated intermediates prevents mutual utilization. 相似文献
5.
M. S. Avilov A. V. Akimov A. V. Antoshin P. A. Bak Yu. M. Boimel'shtein D. Yu. Bolkhovityanov R. Kh. Galimov R. G. Gromov K. V. Gubin S. M. Gurov E. A. Gusev N. S. Dikanskii I. V. Kazarezov S. N. Klyushchev V. I. Kokoulin E. S. Konstantinov A. A. Korepanov N. Kh. Kot R. M. Lapik N. N. Lebedev A. I. Lobas P. V. Logachev P. V. Martyshkin L. A. Mironenko V. M. Pavlov I. L. Pivovarov O. V. Pirogov V. V. Podlevskikh S. L. Samoilov Yu. I. Semenov B. A. Skarbo A. A. Starostenko O. Yu. Tokarev A. R. Frolov V. D. Khambikov A. S. Tsyganov A. G. Chupyra S. V. Shiyankov 《Atomic Energy》2003,94(1):50-55
The VÉPP-5 injection complex under construction at the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences is a powerful source of intense electron and positron bunches at 510 MeV, which covers all needs of the electron–positron colliding beam setups currently operating and under construction at the Institute of Nuclear Physics. The complex includes a 285 MeV linear electron accelerator, a 510 MeV linear positron accelerator, and an accumulator–cooler with beam injection and ejection channels. Intense work on the design, assembly, and tuning of the linear electron accelerator has been conducted in the last 2 yr. As a result, by August 2002 the linear electron accelerator was put into operation with all standard subsystems. By this time, the isochronous achromatic turning of the electron beam, a system for converting electrons into positrons, and the first accelerating structure of the linear positron accelerator were assembled and put into operation. All this made it possible to accelerate the positron beam up to 75 MeV. Preliminary results of tests of the linear accelerators are presented. 相似文献
6.
7.
Pt-V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts supported on SiC filter for NO reduction at low temperature 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Joo-Hong Choi Jin-Hyun Kim Young-Cheoul Bak Rose Amal Jason Scott 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2005,22(6):844-851
The catalytic filter, V2O5-WO3-TiO2 supported on a ceramic filter, is known as a promising material for treating particulates and NO
x
simultaneously at optimum temperatures around 320°C. In order to improve its catalytic activity at low temperatures, the
effect of Pt addition on the catalytic filter has been investigated. Catalytic filters, Pt-V2O5-WO3-TiO2/SiC, were prepared by co-impregnation of Pt, V, and W precursors on TiO2 coated-SiC filter by vacuum aided-dip coating. The Pt-added catalytic filter shifted the optimum working temperature from
280–330°C (for the non Pt-impregnated filter) to 180–230°C, providing N
x
slip concentration less than 20 ppm for the treatment of 700 ppm NO at a face velocity of 2 cm/s with the same value over
the non Pt-added catalytic filters. The promotional effect following the addition of Pt is believed to result from electrical
modification of the catalyst maintaining a high electron transfer state. Ammonia oxidation was also observed to be dominant
above the optimal temperature for SCR. 相似文献
8.
9.
Cost estimation and effort allocation are the key challenges for successful project planning and management in software development.
Therefore, both industry and the research community have been working on various models and techniques to accurately predict
the cost of projects. Recently, researchers have started debating whether the prediction performance depends on the structure
of data rather than the models used. In this article, we focus on a new aspect of data homogeneity, “cross- versus within-application
domain”, and investigate what kind of training data should be used for software cost estimation in the embedded systems domain.
In addition, we try to find out the effect of training dataset size on the prediction performance. Based on our empirical
results, we conclude that it is better to use cross-domain data for embedded software cost estimation and the optimum training
data size depends on the method used. 相似文献
10.
Software cost/effort estimation is still an open challenge. Many researchers have proposed various methods that usually focus
on point estimates. Until today, software cost estimation has been treated as a regression problem. However, in order to prevent
overestimates and underestimates, it is more practical to predict the interval of estimations instead of the exact values.
In this paper, we propose an approach that converts cost estimation into a classification problem and that classifies new
software projects in one of the effort classes, each of which corresponds to an effort interval. Our approach integrates cluster
analysis with classification methods. Cluster analysis is used to determine effort intervals while different classification
algorithms are used to find corresponding effort classes. The proposed approach is applied to seven public datasets. Our experimental
results show that the hit rate obtained for effort estimation are around 90–100%, which is much higher than that obtained
by related studies. Furthermore, in terms of point estimation, our results are comparable to those in the literature although
a simple mean/median is used for estimation. Finally, the dynamic generation of effort intervals is the most distinctive part
of our study, and it results in time and effort gain for project managers through the removal of human intervention. 相似文献