Analysis of Inhomogeneous Optical Systems by the Use of Ray Tracing. II. Three-dimensional Systems with Symmetry

We describe a new approach to the index reconstruction of three-dimensional optical systems with rotational symmetry, which is based on sampling ray paths that lie in the sagittal plane. Since the observed rays are distorted by the optical system itself, they cannot be used directly for index reconstruction. We present an iterative procedure to compute the true ray paths and then to find the index distribution. The utility of the method is verified on the model problem.     

Density estimates on the unit simplex and calculation of the mode of a sample

This paper addresses reliable and efficient calculation of the mode of a multivariate sample, which is a classical fusion function. In particular, we focus on the inputs given on the unit simplex, when aggregating elements of Atanassov intuitionistic fuzzy sets, interval-valued fuzzy sets and their extensions, as well as compositional data. We outline the use of a specially designed 2-additive fuzzy measures and the Choquet integral for the purposes of reducing computational complexity in higher dimensions. We present computational analysis and benchmark four different methods of density-based mode estimation.     

Enterosorption in ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract with concomitant intestinal dysbacteriosis

Adjuvant use of enterosorbents in combined therapy of gastroduodenal ulcers (158 patients), nonspecific ulcerative colitis with intestinal dysbacteriosis was assessed. Enterosorption in combined therapy of gastrointestinal diseases with dysbacteriosis potentiated positive effect. The highest benefit of enterosorption occurs in intestinal affections (nonspecific ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel-syndrome, chronic enteritis, colitis). In gastroduodenal ulcer lignin sorbent (polyfepan) is preferable. Polyfepan acted positively on intestinal dysbacteriosis through eliminating Escherichia with hemolyzing properties and enterococci, by reducing lack of bifidobacteria.     

Validity of epidemiological classification: study of asymptomatic properties of a discriminant criterion

Aiming to assess the presence of selected anaerobic microorganisms in root canals of human teeth with chronic apical periodontitis. 25 central and lateral upper incisors presenting with radiographic evidence of chronic apical periodontitis were studied. The pulp chamber was opened under aseptic conditions and samples of the root canal content were collected with sterile absorbent paper points, which were placed and dispersed in test tubes containing reduced transport medium RTT. Aliquots were dried on glass slides and stained by indirect immunofluorescence for detection of Actinomyces viscosus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia. The results showed a positive indirect immunofluorescence reaction in 24 of the 25 samples. Fourteen were positive for the specie Actinomyces viscosus, 12 for Prevotella intermedia, 10 for Fusobacterium nucleatum and 4 for Porphyromonas gingivalis. A semiquantitative assay was easily implemented for assessment of degree of infection by the organisms in individual cases.     

Idempotent Weighted Aggregation Based on Binary Aggregation Trees

We propose weighted aggregation algorithms for creating general idempotent weighted aggregators of n variables derived from related symmetric idempotent aggregators of two variables. This computational method, together with interpolative aggregation, can be used for the development of general idempotent logic aggregators that satisfy a variety of conditions necessary for building decision models in the area of weighted compensative logic.     

Nonadditive robust ordinal regression with nonadditivity index and multiple goal linear programming

Nonadditive robust ordinal regression (NAROR) is a widely adopted approach to analyze and reveal the dominance relationships among all decision alternatives based on nonadditive measures, called capacities. In this paper, we first investigate some advantages of the nonadditivity index as an explicit interaction index, as compared with the traditional probabilistic simultaneous interaction indices, and show that nonadditivity index can serve as an equivalent representation of a capacity. Then we enhance the NAROR method by using nonadditivity index as well as multiple-goal linear programming, where the former is used to replace the traditional interaction index to more naturally represent the decision maker's preferences, and the latter aims to replace the 0 to 1 mixed integer programming to enhance the ability to detect and adjust contradictory and redundant preference information. The updated NAROR's steps are constructed and discussed in detail and illustrated with a practical example.     

Probabilistic bipartition interaction index of multiple decision criteria associated with the nonadditivity of fuzzy measures

The probabilistic simultaneous interaction index has been widely adopted to measure the interaction among the decision criteria. However, this type of indices sometimes fails to reflect the kind of interaction associated with the nonadditivity of a fuzzy measure (capacity). For example, any simultaneous interaction index of the universal set of criteria w.r.t. a strictly superadditive capacity is not always positive. The main reason is that the simultaneous interaction index generalizes the notion of value by replacing the marginal contribution of a single criterion with the marginal simultaneous interaction of criteria subset. In this paper, we reform the generalization process and replace the marginal contribution with the marginal bipartition interaction, which can better reflect the kind of interaction associated with the nonadditivity, for example, superadditivity, subadditivity, strict-superadditivity, or strict-subadditivity. We construct a family of probabilistic bipartition interaction indices of subsets of criteria and study its properties. We discuss the issue of capacity identification based on the bipartition interaction index and demonstrate that the new type of interaction index can be adopted as a feasible alternative to describing the interaction phenomenon among the decision criteria.     

Disorders of muscle tonus and their treatment with sirdalud in patients in the early recovery period of ischemic stroke

The paper presents the results of clinical and neurophysiologic study of muscular tonus in 94 patients aged 42-70 years in early recovery after ischemic stroke. Selective role of spasticity was estimated in clinical pattern of motor disorders in groups of the patients with different disorders of muscular tonus with the same degree of paresis. Efficiency of antispastic preparation sirdalud was analyzed in 28 patients from this group. Sirdalud in daily dose of 6-12 mg in patients with prevalence of a spasticity in a clinical picture of the paresis and with either moderate or manifested degree of paresis of the extremities has significant antispastic effect without any decrease of muscular strength, which, in turn, increases the degree of restoration of motor functions.