Nanoluminograph — A New Generation of Measuring Instruments

A nanoluminescent device, or nanoluminograph, has been developed, created, and patented. By means of the device, unique information about the physicochemical properties of surface and near-surface layers of solids and ultrathin coatings of thickness less than 0.4 μm may be obtained. There is also the hope of decreasing the thickness of the subject layer with further development of the detecting component of the device. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 8, pp. 28–31, August, 2005.     

Beryllium Analytical Signal Using ERIAD Mass-Spectrometry for Various Sample Preparation Methods

Inorganic Materials - The significance of the problem of determining the concentration of beryllium in solutions is substantiated. A method of ERIAD mass-spectrometry (atmospheric pressure...     

Detecting singly charged ions during field evaporation of tantalum at high temperatures

The field evaporation of tantalum from point emitters in a broad range of temperatures from T = 300 to 2500 K was studied using a static magnetic mass spectrometer equipped with a special field ion source. The room-temperature mass spectrum of field-evaporated particles displayed only the peaks of triply charged ions (Ta³⁺). As the temperature was increased, the charge of field-evaporated ions exhibited a decrease: at T ～ 1000 K, the peaks of doubly charged ions (Ta²⁺) prevailed. The peaks of singly charged ions (Ta⁺) were detected for the first time at temperatures in the interval 1900 K < T < 2500 K. The rate of evaporation of singly charged tantalum ions was several orders of magnitude lower than that of doubly charged ions.     

Possible ionization of mercury atoms by elastic reflection in hyperthermal surface ionization experiments

An elastic collision model baed on data given by Danon et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2038 (1990)] was used to calculate the ionization potential of mercury atoms (V′) at the critical charge transfer distance as a function of the kinetic energy of the atoms (E). The linear dependence V′(E) obtained supports the model of surface ionization of mercury atoms by elastic reflection from a surface. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 25, 42–45 (July 26, 1999)     

β-Ga2O3 crystal growing from its own melt

The applicability of several nonnoble materials for growing of β-Ga₂O₃ crystals using free crystallization in a crucible has been studied. The possibility of growing β-Ga₂O₃ crystals in crucibles made of single crystal sapphire has been demonstrated. Main features of the growth and properties of the obtained crystals have been investigated.     

Mass-Spectrometric Observation of C+ Ions during Electrospray with In-Source Atomization

Technical Physics Letters - Carbon C+ ions formed in a mass-spectrometric electrospray source with controlled in-source fragmentation and atomization interface have been observed for the first...     

Determination of the critical ionization distance and ionization zone during high-temperature field evaporation of molybdenum

Technical Physics Letters - Steady-state field evaporation of molybdenum at high emitter temperatures (T ∼ 2000 K) has been studied using a magnetic mass spectrometer equipped with a field...     

Nonequilibrium surface ionization of water molecules in a high electric field in the presence of resonance absorption of near-infrared radiation

The results of experiments undertaken to establish the connection between the current of ions desorbed from the surface in the presence of an electric field and the frequency of the infrared radiation incident on that surface are described. It is shown that resonance absorption of infrared radiation by adsorbed molecules increases the efficiency of the surface ionization process. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 23, 22–25 (December 12, 1997)     

Possible observation of the isotope effect during field evaporation

The field evaporation of tungsten at high temperatures (T ~ 2000 K) has been studied using a magnetic mass spectrometer equipped with a field ion source. Only low-charge ions (W₊₂ and W⁺) have been observed in the course of evaporation for all tungsten isotopes. For singly charged ions only, the number of ions of the heaviest isotope, ¹⁸⁶W+, was about one order of magnitude lower than that corresponding to the standard isotope ratio for natural tungsten. An explanation of this anomalous phenomenon is proposed.

     

Field evaporation ion sources based on alloys and compounds

Results of experiments aimed at the creation of ion sources employing alloys as materials for field ion emitters are presented. Using alloys and complex compounds as emitter materials, it is possible to obtain ion sources for elements, from which it is difficult or even impossible to make emitters directly. The emitter surface can be enriched by some component of an alloy so as to obtain a source of its ions even if the content of this element in the alloy is as low as fractions of a percent.