Multilingual resources for NLP in the lexical markup framework (LMF)

Optimizing the production, maintenance and extension of lexical resources is one the crucial aspects impacting natural language processing (NLP). A second aspect involves optimizing the process leading to their integration in applications. With this respect, we believe that a consensual specification on monolingual, bilingual and multilingual lexicons can be a useful aid for the various NLP actors. Within ISO, one purpose of Lexical Markup Framework (LMF, ISO-24613) is to define a standard for lexicons that covers multilingual lexical data.

A 931 + 2T-->C transition in one COL1A2 allele causes exon 16 skipping in PRO alpha 2(I) mRNA and produces moderately severe OI

The breast clinic in the university Hospital Kuala Lumpur was started in August 1993 to cater for the increasing number of women seeking treatment for breast complaints. A four-month survey carried out from January to April 1994 found that Chinese women are more "breast conscious" than Malay and Indian women. The majority of patients were in the reproductive age group. Benign breast diseases form the majority of cases of breast diseases seen. The pick-up rate for new cases of breast cancer was 3.1%. Fine needle aspiration biopsy had a 100% sensitivity during the four-month study, and was a quick method of obtaining a diagnosis.     

Hybridized electronic states between CdSe nanoparticles and conjugated organic ligands: A theoretical and ultrafast photo-excited carrier dynamics study

Formation of densely packed thin films of semiconductor nanocrystals is advantageous for the exploitation of their unique optoelectronic properties for real-world applications. Here we investigate the fundamental role of the structure of the bridging ligand on the optoelectronic properties of the resulting hybrid film. In particular, we considered hybrid films formed using the same CdSe nanocrystals and two organic ligands that have the same bidentate dithiocarbamate binding moiety, but differ in their bridging structures, one bridged by ethylene, the other by phenylene that exhibits conjugation. Based on the results of photo-excited carrier dynamics experiments combined with theoretical calculations on the electronic states of bridged CdSe layers, we show that only the phenylene-based ligand presents a strong hybridization of the molecular HOMO state with CdSe layers, that is a marker of formation of an effective bridge. We argue that this hybridization spread favors the hopping of photo-excited carriers between nanocrystals, which may explain the reported larger photo-currents in phenylene-based hybrid films than those observed in ethylene-based ones.

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Applying EuroWordNet to Cross-Language Text Retrieval

We discuss ways in which EuroWordNet (EWN) can be used in multilingual information retrieval activities, focusing on two approaches to Cross-Language Text Retrieval that use the EWN database as a large-scale multilingual semantic resource. The first approach indexes documents and queries in terms of the EuroWordNet Inter-Lingual-Index, thus turning term weighting and query/document matching into language-independent tasks. The second describes how the information in the EWN database could be integrated with a corpus-based technique, thus allowing retrieval of domain-specific terms that may not be present in our multilingual database. Our objective is to show the potential of EuroWordNet as a promising alternative to existing approaches to Cross-Language Text Retrieval.     

Evaluation of an approximated doping profile for diffused junctions from capacitance measurements

The differential-capacitance technique for the evaluation of doping profiles of the low-doped side of strongly asymmetrical p-n junctions may be extended to diffused junctions, provided that the actual profile is approximated by an exponential function. An easy fit between experimental and theoretical curves allows evaluation of the two parameters of the exponential approximation.     

Field-enhanced carrier generation in MOS capacitors

When sufficiently high voltage steps are used for driving a metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor (MOSC) towards deep inversion, the temporal evolution of the current and of the high-frequency capacitance during the return to equilibrium cannot be interpreted on the basis of a theory assuming a constant bulk generation lifetime. A more general theory, which takes into account field-dependent carrier emission rates, is developed and it is shown how current and h.f. capacitance measurements can be used to determine the field dependence of the bulk generation lifetime. The results of experiments performed on differently processed MOSC's are presented; they support the hypothesis that field-enhancement of carrier emission rates takes place according to a mechanism of the Poole-Frenkel-type.     

Ab initio correlation effects on the electronic and transport properties of metal(II)-phthalocyanine-based devices

Using first-principles calculations in the framework of density functional theory, we investigated the electronic and transport properties of metal(II)-phthalocyanine (M(II)Pc) systems, both in a single-molecule configuration and in a model device geometry. In particular, using copper(II)-Pc and manganese(II)-Pc as prototypical examples, we studied how electronic correlations on the central metal ion influence the analysis of the electronic structure of the system and we demonstrated that the choice of the exchange-correlation functional, also beyond the standard local or gradient corrected level, is of crucial importance for a correct interpretation of the data. Finally, our electronic transport simulations have shown that M(II)Pc-based devices can act selectively as molecular conductors, as in the case of copper, or as spin valves, as in the case of manganese, demonstrating once more the great potential of these systems for molecular nanoelectronics applications.     

Median nerve middle-long latency somatosensory evoked potentials in children with tactile evoked spikes

It is known that hand tapping during electroencephalography (EEG) recording evokes centrotemporal spikes in some 4- to 12-year-old children. This phenomenon occurs in both healthy and epileptic children. The same children were reported to show giant middle-long latency evoked potentials (MLSEPs). To study the relationship between tactile evoked spikes (TES) and MLSEPs, we performed a neurophysiologic investigation in 25 children with TES and in 25 children without any EEG abnormality. Such an investigation included a MLSEP study after both electrical and tactile stimulation with simultaneous recording of digital EEG. MLSEPs consistently showed three negative (NI, NII, NIII) and two positive (PI, PII) peaks. Children with TES had MLSEPs of enlarged amplitude. The analysis of MLSEPs and TES characteristics led us to the conclusion that they are the same neurophysiologic event, with NII being the evoked spike and NIII the following slow-wave.