An efficient delay-constrained ARQ scheme for MMT packet-based real-time video streaming over IP networks

The MPEG has recently Querydeveloped a new standard, MPEG media transport (MMT), for the next-generation hybrid media delivery service over IP networks considering the emerging convergence of digital broadcast and broadband services. On account of the heterogeneous characteristics of broadcast and broadband networks, MMT provides an efficient delivery timing model to enable inter-network synchronization, measure various kinds of transmission delays and jitters caused by the transmission delay, and re-adjust the timing relationship between the MMT packets to ensure synchronized playback. By exploiting the delivery timing model, it is possible to accurately estimate the round-trip time (RTT) experienced during MMT packet transmission. Based on the measured RTT, we propose an efficient delay-constrained automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme, which is applicable to MMT packet-based real-time video streaming service over IP networks. In the proposed ARQ scheme, the receiver buffer fullness at the time of packet loss detection is used to compute the arrival deadline, which is the maximum allowed time for completing the requesting and retransmitting of the lost MMT packet. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed delay-constrained ARQ scheme can not only provide reliable error recovery, but it also achieves significant bandwidth savings by reducing the number of wastefully retransmitted packets that arrive at the receiver side and exceed the allowed arrival deadline.     

Solvent effect on particle morphology in recrystallization of HMX (cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine) using supercritical carbon dioxide as antisolvent

Supercritical fluid processes have gained great attention as a new and environmentally benign method of preparing the microparticles of energetic materials like explosives and propellants. In this work, HMX (cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine) was selected as a target explosive. The microparticle formation of HMX using supercritical antisolvent (SAS) recrystallization process was performed and the effect of organic solvent on the size and morphology of prepared particles was observed. The organic solvents used in this work were dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), cyclohexanone, acetone, and N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP).     

Characterization of Near-Interface Oxide Trap Density in Nitrided Oxides for Nanoscale MOSFET Applications

This paper presents the depth profile of oxide trap density, extracted from the dual gate processed thermally grown oxide in NO ambient and remote plasma nitrided oxides by using multifrequency and multitemperature charge pumping technique in conjunction with the tunneling model of trapped charges. Nitrided oxide is widely used to improve the reliability of nanoscale MOSFETs because it can decrease the degradation of gate oxide due to the generation of traps therein. Based on the measurement, the optimum nitrogen concentration in such typical nitrided process is discussed in correlation with the gate oxide thickness for nanoscale CMOSFETs.     

Edge Profile Effect of Tunnel Oxide on Erase Threshold-Voltage Distributions in Flash Memory Cells

The erase threshold-voltage (VT) distribution in Flash electrically erasable programmable read-only memory cells was investigated versus the tunnel oxide edge profiles in self-aligned shallow trench isolation (SA-STI) and self-aligned poly (SAP) cells. The capacitive coupling with offset voltage correction is transcribed into VT transient for simulating erase VT dispersion without numerous full structure device simulations. It is shown that SAP gives rise to smaller VT dispersion, compared with SA-STI. The VT dispersion resulting from variations in dielectric thickness and oxide edge profiles is shown to fall far short of observed VT distribution, calling for examination of additional process and cell parameters     

Software architecture evaluation methods based on cost benefit analysis and quantitative decision making

Since many parts of the architecture evaluation steps of the Cost Benefit Analysis Method (CBAM) depend on the stakeholders’ empirical knowledge and intuition, it is very important that such an architecture evaluation method be able to faithfully reflect the knowledge of the experts in determining Architectural Strategy (AS). However, because CBAM requires the stakeholders to make a consensus or vote for collecting data for decision making, it is difficult to accurately reflect the stakeholders’ knowledge in the process. In order to overcome this limitation of CBAM, we propose the two new CBAM-based methods for software architecture evaluation, which respectively adopt the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Analytic Network Process (ANP). Since AHP and ANP use pair-wise comparison they are suitable for a cost and benefit analysis technique since its purpose is not to calculate correct values of benefit and cost but to decide AS with highest return on investment. For that, we first define a generic process of CBAM and develop variations from the generic process by applying AHP and ANP to obtain what we call the CBAM+AHP and CBAM+ANP methods. These new methods not only reflect the knowledge of experts more accurately but also reduce misjudgments. A case study comparison of CBAM and the two new methods is conducted using an industry software project. Because the cost benefit analysis process that we present is generic, new cost benefit analysis techniques with capabilities and characteristics different from the three methods we examine here can be derived by adopting various different constituent techniques.

Design of Efficient Key Video Frame Protection Scheme for Multimedia Internet of Things (IoT) in Converged 5G Network

Mobile Networks and Applications - To guarantee the quality of video data into fast-responding transmission and high resolution output video using cost effective video processing is desirable in...     

Reliable extraction of cycling induced interface states implementing realistic P/E stresses in reference cell: comparison with flash memory cell

The cycling induced interface states in floating-gate EEPROM cells are reliably extracted by implementing accurate program/erase stresses in the reference cell. The interface states measured directly from the memory cell via charge pumping are shown different from those obtained conventionally from the reference cell. The reasons for these different levels of extraction are elucidated and a new method is presented for accurate determination of interface trap density. The technique is based on introducing the equivalent gate voltage with offset voltage at the reference cell by which to simulate realistically the cycling stresses as occur in the flash memory cell itself.     

Ultrasensitive detection of Ebola matrix protein in a memristor mode

Nano Research - We demonstrate the direct biosensing of the Ebola VP40 matrix protein, using a memristor mode of a liquid-integrated nanodevice, based on a large array of honeycomb-shaped silicon...     

Development of a digital turbine control system in a nuclear power plant

A digital turbine control system (TCS) has been developed for retrofitting an old analog TCS in a nuclear power plant. The developed TCS, which controls the speed of a turbine and the power load of a generator, is based on a triple modular redundant structure to ensure the system reliability. In addition, a turbine simulator has been developed to verify the perfection of the TCS prior to its actual installation. The simulator is composed of a graphic editor, a component model builder, and a system simulation solver. The tested TCS has been successfully applied to a CANDU type nuclear power plant. This paper describes major features of the developed TCS and the turbine simulator including thermal-hydraulic models. Also, the simulation result in a laboratory is compared with the pre startup simulation and the actual operation result. Recommended by Editor Hyun Seok Yang. In-Kyu Choi was born in Jeonjoo, Korea in 1967. He obtained his Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering from Chungnam National University in 2004. His research interests include control in power plant machines such as boilers, drums, turbines, and generators. He is now a Senior Member of the KEPCO Research Institute. Jong-An Kim received the B.S. degree in Electronic Engineering from Won-Kwang University, Ik-San, Korea in 1985. He joined the Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO) in 1976, and has mainly worked in the control systems engineering areas of power plants. He is now a Principal Engineer in the Korea Electric Power Research Institute (KEPRI) and his research interests include the design of power plant control systems as well as new technology development. Chang-Ki Jeong was born in Daejeon, Korea in 1956. He obtained his Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering from Daejeon Industry College in 1998. His research interests include control in power plant machines such as boilers, drums, turbines, and generators. He is a Principal Member of the KEPCO Research Institute. Joo-Hee Woo was born in Sangjoo, Korea in 1970. He obtained his Master’s degree in Electrical Engineering from Kyungbook National University in 1995. His research interests include control in power plant machines such as boilers, drums, turbines, and generators. He is now a Senior Member of the KEPCO Research Institute. Ji-Young Choi received the B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Sogang University in 2005. He is a graduate student of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Sogang University in Seoul, Korea. Choi’s research interests are in the areas of heat transfer, PEM fuel cells, and microfluidics. Gihun Son received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Seoul National University in 1986 and 1988, respectively. He obtained the Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from UCLA in 1996. Dr. Son is currently a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Sogang University in Seoul, Korea. His research interests are in the areas of multiphase dynamics, heat transfer, and power system simulation.     

External Quantum Efficiency Exceeding 24% with CIEy Value of 0.08 using a Novel Carbene-Based Iridium Complex in Deep-Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Deep-blue triplet emitters remain far inferior to standard red and green triplet emitters in terms of exhibiting high-color-purity Commission International de l'Éclairage (CIE) y values of ≤0.1, external quantum efficiencies (EQEs), and high electroluminescent brightnesses in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes. In fact, no deep-blue triplet emitter with color purity and high device performance has previously been reported. In this study, a deep-blue triplet emitter, mer-tris(N-phenyl, N-benzyl-pyridoimidazol-2-yl)iridium(III) (mer-Ir1) is developed, which meets the requirements of the National Television System Committee (NTSC) CIE(x, y) coordinates of (0.149, 0.085) with an extremely high EQE of 24.8% and maximum brightness (L_max) of 6453 cd m⁻², by a device with a 40 vol% doping ratio. Moreover, another device demonstrates an EQE_max of 21.3%, an L_max of 5247 cd m⁻², and CIE(x, y) coordinates of (0.151, 0.086) at a 30 vol% doping ratio. This is the first report of a high-performance, deep-blue phosphor, carbene-based Ir(III) complex device with outstanding CIE(x, y) color coordinates and a high EQE. The results of this study indicate that the novel dopant mer-Ir1 is a promising candidate for reducing power consumption in display applications.