基于PCI总线光电编码器数据采集处理电路的设计

介绍了一种基于PCI总线的光电编码器数据采集和角度代码处理板卡的设计方案。系统以TMS320F2812为核心处理单元,对采集到的编码器角度信息进行细分、量化,通过PCI总线将处理后的数据传输给计算机显示。阐述了该系统的硬件结构和相应的软件系统设计。     

细节决定成败：推荐系统实验反思与讨论

近些年来,随着互联网的迅速发展,用户在各种在线平台上接收到海量的信息,信息爆炸成为一个关键性问题。在此背景下,推荐系统逐步渗透到人们工作生活的各个场景,已成为不可或缺的一环。它不仅可以帮助用户快速获得想要的信息和服务,还可以提高资源利用效率,从而给企业带来更多效益。因此,个性化推荐算法不仅获得了工业界广泛的关注,也是科研领域的研究热点之一。在个性化推荐的研究中,受限于平台与效率等因素,研究者大多无法将算法部署到在线系统上进行评价,因此离线评价成为推荐领域研究的主要方式。然而个性化推荐涉及到的场景复杂,可获得的数据信息多种多样,用户行为多为隐式反馈且存在许多噪声,这使得推荐系统离线评价的实验设定复杂多变,存在大量易被忽视却十分重要的细节。比如在训练采样负例时,既可以仅从用户没有交互过的商品中采样,也可以将验证测试集的商品视作未知交互加入采样池。同样,从训练到测试在很多其他环节也涉及这样的实现细节（如数据集处理、已知负样本的使用、Top-N排序候选集范围等）。这些实验细节通常不会在学术论文中被显式提及,却潜在影响了模型效果的对比,还决定着实验的科学性,甚至会导致相反或错误的分析结论。本文从数据集处理、模型训练、验证与测试、效果评价等多个角度,系统地讨论与反思了推荐系统实验中的细节设定。对于每个环节,我们枚举了若干常见设定,并在真实数据集上验证了其中某些设定的实际影响。实验结果表明一些细节确实会导致关于模型优劣的不同结论。最终我们形成了关于推荐系统实验细节的指导性总结,包括可选、建议、必须的三类设定,希望帮助推荐算法研究者规避实现细节上的陷阱,更科学合理地设计实验。     

Hierarchical control of multiple resources in distributed real-time and embedded systems

Real-time and embedded systems have traditionally been designed for closed environments where operating conditions, input workloads, and resource availability are known a priori, and are subject to little or no change at runtime. There is increasing demand, however, for adaptive capabilities in distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems that execute in open environments where system operational conditions, input workload, and resource availability cannot be characterized accurately a priori. A challenging problem faced by researchers and developers of such systems is devising effective adaptive resource management strategies that can meet end-to-end quality of service (QoS) requirements of applications. To address key resource management challenges of open DRE systems, this paper presents the Hierarchical Distributed Resource-management Architecture (HiDRA), which provides adaptive resource management using control techniques that adapt to workload fluctuations and resource availability for both bandwidth and processor utilization simultaneously. This paper presents three contributions to research in adaptive resource management for DRE systems. First, we describe the structure and functionality of HiDRA. Second, we present an analytical model of HiDRA that formalizes its control-theoretic behavior and presents analytical assurance of system performance. Third, we evaluate the performance of HiDRA via experiments on a representative DRE system that performs real-time distributed target tracking. Our analytical and empirical results indicate that HiDRA yields predictable, stable, and efficient system performance, even in the face of changing workload and resource availability.     

基于区域划分和余弦定理的DV-Hop算法改进

针对传统距离向量-跳段定位算法(Distance Vector-Hop,DV-HOP)存在的节点密度分布不均引起误差比较大的问题,根据DV-Hop算法特性,采用余弦定理,证明节点密度越大所得定位坐标越准确,使用余弦定理减少在节点密度过大时因空间角度导致节点路径曲折过多而引起的误差,同时提出一种区域划分的改进算法,减少在节点密度较小区域的误差;利用接收信号强度指示(Received Signal Strength Indicator,RSSI)对跳数进行量化分级处理,改善实际距离与计算出的距离相差过大的情况;最后采用最小二乘法估计未知节点坐标。仿真表明,所提出的算法与传统的DV-Hop算法相比,误差有一定的减少。     

卫星USB测控副载波同步算法研究

吉林一号卫星测控采用USB测控体制,遥控接收采用FFT+DPLL1+DPLL2的架构,FFT主要实现对载波的粗捕,DPLL1在FFT的基础上实现对载波相位的精跟踪,DPLL2实现副载波的跟踪。对遥控副载波跟踪所用到的数字PLL技术进行了研究,首先给出了载波多普勒折算到副载波上的方法,然后对模拟PLL数字化进行了详细的论述,并设计了遥控副载波同步用的PLL2,对其稳定性、快捕带及快捕时间、捕获带和捕获时间、同步速率等进行了分析和仿真。结果表明,该方法具有捕获时间短、跟踪精度高、稳定性好等特点,易于数字化实现,已成功在吉林一号系列卫星中得到应用。     

基于FPGA的相控超声发射系统设计与实现

设计了一种以FPGA为核心的相控超声发射系统,对该系统工作原理及相控聚焦方法进行了研究;设计了一种二维相控阵列,并进行了阵列定点聚焦延时仿真;最后运用该系统实现了对相控阵列的高精度聚焦延时控制,并经过DA转换、电压及功率放大,产生了幅值及波形可控的激励信号,测试了该系统对实际目标的定位精度;实验结果显示对实际目标定位偏差在3%左右,该超声相控发射系统可实现相控聚焦发射,延时控制精度高,可靠性好。     

Configurable Middleware for Distributed Real-Time Systems with Aperiodic and Periodic Tasks

Different distributed real-time systems (DRS) must handle aperiodic and periodic events under diverse sets of requirements. While existing middleware such as Real-Time CORBA has shown promise as a platform for distributed systems with time constraints, it lacks flexible configuration mechanisms needed to manage end-to-end timing easily for a wide range of different DRS with both aperiodic and periodic events. The primary contribution of this work is the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of the first configurable component middleware services for admission control and load balancing of aperiodic and periodic event handling in DRS. Empirical results demonstrate the need for, and the effectiveness of, our configurable component middleware approach in supporting different applications with aperiodic and periodic events, and providing a flexible software platform for DRS with end-to-end timing constraints.     

Advancements in technology and design of NEMS vector hydrophone

This paper reports on recent developments to improve the performance of hair vector hydrophone by means of several technological advancements in the fabrication procedures and corresponding sensor design. With fish’s lateral line organs as prototypes, NEMS (Nano-Electromechanical System) vector hydrophone with directivity has been designed. This paper describes the meso-piezoresistance effect of resonant tunneling thin-film, and the NEMS hydrophone based on this effect is highly sensitive and small size. The application of bionics structure may improve the low-frequency sensitivity of hydrophone. The calibration test shows that NEMS vector hydrophone’s receiving sensitivity is up to −170 dB (0dB = 1 V/μPa), has a good directional pattern in the form of “8” shape. The sea test shows that the direction of target can be detected by single NEMS vector hydrophone. In the anechoic tank, it has been verified that NEMS vector hydrophone can track the trajectory of the moving target.     

新型MEMS三维振动传感器的有限元分析

针对目前多维振动传感器的需求,研制了一种基于MEMS技术的仿昆虫纤毛三维振动传感器。首先,介绍了振动传感器的仿生机理和工作原理;然后,推导了振动传感器的力学模型并建立了有限元模型;最后,对该传感器进行了静、动态特性分析,并通过实验验证最终得出该传感器的灵敏度为274.18μV/gn、维间耦合小于等于0.612 5%、测量范围为±25 gn、共振频率为2 342.6 Hz、抗冲击能力为100 gn。