全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4189篇 |
免费 | 271篇 |
国内免费 | 11篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 97篇 |
综合类 | 21篇 |
化学工业 | 919篇 |
金属工艺 | 135篇 |
机械仪表 | 92篇 |
建筑科学 | 306篇 |
矿业工程 | 35篇 |
能源动力 | 111篇 |
轻工业 | 300篇 |
水利工程 | 36篇 |
石油天然气 | 2篇 |
无线电 | 347篇 |
一般工业技术 | 857篇 |
冶金工业 | 391篇 |
原子能技术 | 18篇 |
自动化技术 | 804篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 79篇 |
2022年 | 103篇 |
2021年 | 134篇 |
2020年 | 116篇 |
2019年 | 113篇 |
2018年 | 147篇 |
2017年 | 118篇 |
2016年 | 166篇 |
2015年 | 144篇 |
2014年 | 190篇 |
2013年 | 258篇 |
2012年 | 284篇 |
2011年 | 319篇 |
2010年 | 218篇 |
2009年 | 206篇 |
2008年 | 205篇 |
2007年 | 197篇 |
2006年 | 134篇 |
2005年 | 121篇 |
2004年 | 107篇 |
2003年 | 82篇 |
2002年 | 94篇 |
2001年 | 48篇 |
2000年 | 37篇 |
1999年 | 56篇 |
1998年 | 107篇 |
1997年 | 74篇 |
1996年 | 58篇 |
1995年 | 44篇 |
1994年 | 33篇 |
1993年 | 33篇 |
1992年 | 34篇 |
1991年 | 31篇 |
1990年 | 20篇 |
1989年 | 14篇 |
1988年 | 19篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1986年 | 14篇 |
1985年 | 21篇 |
1984年 | 26篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 15篇 |
1977年 | 16篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1972年 | 14篇 |
1966年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有4471条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
2.
Anne-Margarethe Enge Florian Kaltner Christoph Gottschalk Albert Braeuning Stefanie Hessel-Pras 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(8)
1,2-unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are secondary plant metabolites occurring as food contaminants that can cause severe liver damage upon metabolic activation in hepatocytes. However, it is yet unknown how these contaminants enter the cells. The role of hepatic transporters is only at the beginning of being recognized as a key determinant of PA toxicity. Therefore, this study concentrated on assessing the general mode of action of PA transport in the human hepatoma cell line HepaRG using seven structurally different PAs. Furthermore, several hepatic uptake and efflux transporters were targeted with pharmacological inhibitors to identify their role in the uptake of the PAs retrorsine and senecionine and in the disposition of their N-oxides (PANO). For this purpose, PA and PANO content was measured in the supernatant using LC-MS/MS. Also, PA-mediated cytotoxicity was analyzed after transport inhibition. It was found that PAs are taken up into HepaRG cells in a predominantly active and structure-dependent manner. This pattern correlates with other experimental endpoints such as cytotoxicity. Pharmacological inhibition of the influx transporters Na+/taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (SLC10A1) and organic cation transporter 1 (SLC22A1) led to a reduced uptake of retrorsine and senecionine into HepaRG cells, emphasizing the relevance of these transporters for PA toxicokinetics. 相似文献
3.
During the service life of structural sealant glazing (SSG) facades, the load-bearing capacity of the silicone bonds needs to be guaranteed. Laboratory tests can assess the durability of SSG-systems based on mechanical characteristics of the bond after simultaneous exposure to both climatic and mechanical loads. This article studies how the material characteristics of two common structural sealants are affected by laboratory and field exposure. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) confirms a reduction in the dynamic modulus of exposed silicone samples. Results from thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and small-angle X-ray scattering/wide-angle X-ray scattering show differences between the two sealants and indicate no/minor changes in the composition and morphology of the laboratory and field exposed sealants. Mechanical characterization methods, such as DMA, and tensile and shear testing of the structural bond, are shown to be sensitive toward the combined climatic and mechanical loadings, and are hence suitable for studying degradation mechanisms of structural sealants. 相似文献
4.
Christoph Gottschalk Aiko Huckauf Arne Dübecke Florian Kaltner Matthias Zimmermann Ines Rahaus 《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2018,35(7):1366-1383
The contamination of honey with hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) is a well-known hazard for food safety. While management strategies and controls of the honey industry aim to reduce the PA levels, uncertainties remain with regard to the safety of regionally produced and marketed honey. In addition, a previous study showed large differences of results obtained after various periods of storage and apparent differences between the analytical results of different laboratories. Therefore, this study aimed at examining these uncertainties by monitoring the impact of storage on the PA and PA N-oxide (PANO) content of two freshly harvested honeys and on possible demixing effects caused by pollen settling. Additionally, three analytical approaches – target analysis with matrix-matched calibration or standard addition and a sum parameter method – were applied for a comparative analysis of 20 honeys harvested in summer 2016. All samples originated from Schleswig-Holstein in Northern Germany where the PA plant Jacobaea vulgaris is currently observed on a massive scale. The results of the time series analyses showed that PANO levels markedly decreased within a few weeks and practically reached the LOD 16 weeks after harvest. Tertiary PAs, by contrast, remained stable and did not increase as a consequence of PANO decrease. The experiments on a putative demixing, which may result in a heterogeneous distribution of PAs/PANOs, revealed that there was no such effect during storage of up to 12 weeks. A comparison of the PA/PANO levels obtained by different analytical approaches showed that in some cases the sum parameter method yielded much higher levels than the target approaches, whereas in other cases, the target analysis with standard addition found higher levels than the other two methods. In summary, the results of this study highlight uncertainties regarding the validity and comparability of analytical results and consequently regarding health risk assessment. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
Ching-Te Chuang Bernstein K. Joshi R.V. Puri R. Kim K. Nowak E.J. Ludwig T. Aller I. 《Circuits and Devices Magazine, IEEE》2004,20(1):6-19
The generation-over-generation scaling of critical CMOS technology parameters is ultimately bound by nonscalable limitations, such as the thermal voltage and the elementary electronic charge. Sustained improvement in performance and density has required the introduction of new device structures and materials. Partially depleted SOI, a most recent MOSFET innovation, has extended VLSI performance while introducing unique idiosyncrasies. Fully depleted SOI is one logical extension of this device design direction. Gate dielectric tunneling, device self-heating, and single-event upsets present developers of these next-generation devices with new challenges. Strained silicon and high-permittivity gate dielectric are examples of new materials that will enable CMOS developers to continue to deliver device performance enhancements in the sub-100 nm regime. 相似文献
8.
A system for person-independent classification of hand postures against complex backgrounds in video images is presented. The system employs elastic graph matching, which has already been successfully applied for object and face recognition. We use the bunch graph technique to model variance in hand posture appearance between different subjects and variance in backgrounds. Our system does not need a separate segmentation stage but closely integrates finding the object boundaries with posture classification. 相似文献
9.
PeterL.Levin ReinholdLudwig 《世界电子元器件》2002,(5):43-45
通过简单地剪切和粘贴知识产权(IP)内核可以加快无工厂半导体公司的系统级芯片(SOC)设计。 过去十年中,涌现出大量的为系统制造商提供专用芯片(ASIC)的小型IC设计公司。这些被称为无工厂企业(因为他们将IC制造过程转交给商业芯片制造工厂),需要的启动资金较少,而且如果市场接受他们的产品的话,能够获得丰厚的回报。在大量设计工具的支持下,这些无工厂设计企业在历史悠久的大型芯片制造商,如IBM、Intel、Motorola和德州仪器公司所主导的市场中赢得了一席之地。 相似文献
10.
A three-phase model for mixed columnar-equiaxed solidification 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A three-phase model for mixed columnar-equiaxed solidification is presented in this article. The three phases are the parent
melt as the primary phase, as well as the solidifying columnar dendrites and globular equiaxed grains as two different secondary
phases. With an Eulerian approach, the three phases are considered as spatially coupled and interpenetrating continua. The
conservation equations of mass, momentum, species, and enthalpy are solved for all three phases. An additional conservation
equation for the number density of the equiaxed grains is defined and solved. Nucleation of the equiaxed grains, diffusion-controlled
growth of both columnar and equiaxed phases, interphase exchanges, and interactions such as mass transfer during solidification,
drag force, solute partitioning at the liquid/solid interface, and release of latent heat are taken into account. Binary steel
ingots (Fe-0.34 wt pct C) with two-dimensional (2-D) axis symmetrical and three-dimensional (3-D) geometries as a benchmark
were simulated. It is demonstrated that the model can be used to simulate the mixed columnar-equiaxed solidification, including
melt convection and grain sedimentation, macrosegregation, columnar-to-equiaxed-transition (CET), and macrostructure distribution.
The model was evaluated by comparing it to classical analytical models based on limited one-dimensional (1-D) cases. Satisfactory
results were obtained. It is also shown that in order to apply this model for industrial castings, further improvements are
still necessary concerning some details. 相似文献