Measurement-based network monitoring and inference: scalability andmissing information

Using measurements collected at network monitors to infer network conditions is a promising approach for network-centric monitoring. In this context, an important question arises: given the number and locations of network monitors, how much network management resources (e.g., the number of measurements) are needed to obtain an accurate estimate of network states? We define the scalability of measurement-based network monitoring as the growth rate of the number of measurements required for accurate network monitoring/inference with respect to the size of a network. We develop a framework for investigating the scalability in the context of multicast inference with the monitors at the edges of a network. In such a framework, network monitoring/inference can be formulated as probability density estimation of network states. The growth rate is characterized through the sample complexity, which is the number of measurements needed to accurately estimate the density. The missing data framework is introduced to estimate the growth rate, where the missing data reflect unavailable measurements at the unobservable nodes without resident monitors, and the underlying nodal packet losses. We show that when the missing information is mainly due to the number of unobservable nodes, the number of measurements needed grows linearly with the size of the network, and the measurement-based inference approach is, thus, scalable. When the missing information is mainly due to the underlying nodal packet losses, the number of measurements needed grows faster than linear with the size of the network, and the measurement-based inference approach is, thus, not scalable. Our results provide guidelines for accessing feasibility of the measurement-based inference approach, and the number of probes required. We give numerical examples to illustrate some of our results     

在Fe-Al-C系统中合成优质Ⅱa型宝石级金刚石单晶

和优质Ib型宝石级金刚石单晶生长相比，作为当今高温高压晶体生长的一种高精尖技术，优质1／a型宝石级金刚石单晶对合成技术提出了更高更苛刻的要求：枢研究从晶体的生长速度出发，发现一开始阶段（大约几个小时）的晶体生长速度对优质宝石级金刚石单晶的后期生长争关重要。埘Fe-Al-C系统（Al含量不大于2．5wt％）来说，采用多品种法将晶体开始阶段的晶体生长速度由1．5mg／h降至0．5mg／h后，对生长过程中金属包裹体的进入有了明显的抑制作用，晶体的质量有了很大提高。从晶体中包裹体的存任形式来看，为了获得优质Ⅱa型宝石级金刚石单晶，在触媒中人为地添加除氮剂给晶体生长过程中的排杂过程带来了很大的难度：为了更好的实现排杂，必须很好的处理晶体表面的径向平铺生长速度和晶体轴向的堆积生长速度之间的火系。     

贵金属电镀技术发展动态

以６４份参考文献综述了国内外贵金属镀覆的发展动态，简要介绍电镀、化学镀高速选择镀、脉冲电镀、激光镀等技术的应用。     

纳豆菌对景观水和污水的净水作用

分别采用固体培养法和液体培养法培养纳豆菌,将其投加到水样中,通过分析水样中氨氮、硝酸盐氮、亚硝酸盐氮,以及CODM n和UV254的变化情况,研究了纳豆菌对景观水和自配污水的净化效果.实验结果表明,纳豆菌对景观水中亚硝酸盐氮的去除率可达86%,对硝酸盐氮的去除率达35%,由于景观水中有机物含量比较低,纳豆菌有机物降解作用不明显;对有机物含量很高的自配污水,纳豆菌能有效的降解水中有机物,CODM n去除率达51%,同时为反硝化作用提供能量,使硝酸盐氮的去除率达34%.     

添加剂硼对纯铁粉末触媒合成金刚石的影响

本义研究了添加剂硼对纯铁粉末触媒合成金刚石的影响。实验中将不同比例的无定形硼粉直接添加到石墨-纯铁粉末体系中并均匀混合，以此方式，将硼掺杂到高温高压合成的金刚石单晶中。实验结果表明，随硼添加比例的不同，合成金刚石的最低压力点也不同；同时，通过不同添加比例的硼合成出金刚石的颜色，可得知该方法对提高金刚石内硼含醚的有效性。实验还发现，当硼添加比例一定时，合成温度对合成金刚石的特性产生了一系列的影响。     

A Structure Innovation on the Loading/Unloading Equipment for MSW Container

A structure innovation on the loading/unloading equipment for MSW (municipal solid waste) container was de- signed.By disposing chain transmission perpendicularly,the loading/unloading equipment for MSW container was developed by linear movement part of the chain transmission.Effect of transmission mechanism on the motion stability of chain transmission was discussed.The relation between chain sag,chain length and chain pitch numbers was studied,and the calculation equation of chain sag by perpendicularly disposing chain transmission was deduced.The relation curve between allowed abrasion ratio and pitch numbers of chain was studied,the reason for tooth-leap was analyzed,and new equipment of preventing tooth-leap was put for- ward.Loading/unloading devices equipped with new transmission mechanism have been made into products,and this structure in- novation has been applied in practice largely.It made considerable economic and social benefit.     

Combinations of weak classifiers

To obtain classification systems with both good generalization performance and efficiency in space and time, we propose a learning method based on combinations of weak classifiers, where weak classifiers are linear classifiers (perceptrons) which can do a little better than making random guesses. A randomized algorithm is proposed to find the weak classifiers. They are then combined through a majority vote. As demonstrated through systematic experiments, the method developed is able to obtain combinations of weak classifiers with good generalization performance and a fast training time on a variety of test problems and real applications. Theoretical analysis on one of the test problems investigated in our experiments provides insights on when and why the proposed method works. In particular, when the strength of weak classifiers is properly chosen, combinations of weak classifiers can achieve a good generalization performance with polynomial space- and time-complexity.     

A subtle review on the challenges of photocatalytic fuel cell for sustainable power production

The revolution in the arena of functional materials for the development of well advanced engineered photocatalyst can efficiently harness photon energy from a wide spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. These next-generation smart materials would be a spectacular approach in designing devices such as photovoltaic cells, photoelectrochemical cells, and photocatalytic fuel cells. Photocatalytic oxidation of water or wastewater for concurrent production of hydrogen and electric current has turned out as a principal concept for the construction of modern photocatalytic fuel cells (PFCs). Such PFCs mimics reverse photosynthesis process where electrical energy is generated from organic pollutants. In recent years many reviews on focusing the design, fabrication, and theoretical efficiency of the PFCs have been published. Hence the present review is aimed to unveil the wall-to-wall information starting from fundamentals spanning to working principles, structural configuration, electrochemical degradation of pollutants and photoelectrochemical properties, electron transport, thermodynamic behavior and columbic efficiency of studied PFCs.     

建筑复合型隔热质感涂料的制备与研究

以有机硅丙乳液为主要成膜物质,石英砂为常规质感填料,以空心玻璃微珠为功能性填料,对质感涂料进行改性,研制出一种具有良好隔热反射作用的建筑外墙复合型隔热质感涂料。该涂膜具有良好的耐沾污性,不易粉化、变色,具有持久的耐老化性,更加适用于外墙保温系统的配套涂层饰面,符合国家所提倡的节能环保主题和发展趋势。     

铝对生长Ⅱa型宝石级金刚石的影响

对于高温高压温度梯度法合成金刚石来说,在触媒中添加除氮剂（Ti、Al等）,可以合成无色的Ⅱa型宝石级金刚石。实验使用国产六面顶压机和NiMnCo溶媒通过温度梯度法来合成Ⅱa型宝石级金刚石,主要研究了除氮剂铝对生长Ⅱa型宝石级金刚石的影响。由于铝的添加使得合成出的金刚石出现熔坑,并带有颜色等现象。大量实验表明：氮化铝的分解和过量铝的掺入是颜色和熔坑产生的原因。实验通过在约1210℃的低温区生长、降低生长速度至0．41mg／h,使金刚石的颜色和熔坑问题有了明显的改善。所以在用Al做除氮剂生长Ⅱa型宝石级金刚石时,为获得优质单晶,应以较低的生长速度在低温区生长晶体。