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1.
MJ Gorman DW Severson AJ Cornel FH Collins SM Paskewitz 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,146(3):965-971
A Plasmodium-refractory strain of Anopheles gambiae melanotically encapsulates many species of Plasmodium, whereas wild-type mosquitoes are usually susceptible. This encapsulation trait can also be observed by studying the response of refractory and susceptible strains to intrathoracically injected CM-Sephadex beads. We report the results of broad-scale quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of the encapsulation trait using the bead model system. Interval mapping using the method of maximum likelihood identified one major QTL, Pen1. The 13.7-cM interval containing Pen1 was defined by marker AGH157 at 8E and AGH46 at 7A on 2R. Pen1 was associated with a maximum LOD score of 9.0 and accounted for 44% of the phenotypic variance in the distribution of phenotypes in the backcross. To test if this QTL is important for encapsulation of Plasmodium berghei, F2 progeny were infected with P. berghei and evaluated for degree of parasite encapsulation. For each of the two markers that define the interval containing Pen1, a significant difference of encapsulation was seen in progeny with at least one refractory allele in contrast with homozygous susceptible progeny. These results suggest that Pen1 is important for melanotic encapsulation of Plasmodium as well as beads. 相似文献
2.
Dialysis dose and malnutrition have a great impact on the clinical out come of chronic hemodialysis patients. The interrelationships between them, however, remain undefined. Thus, we performed a study to determine the effects of increasing the dialysis dose on serum albumin concentrations and mortality in hemodialysis patients. We examined urea kinetic modeling, biochemical nutritional indices, comorbid conditions, patient survival time, and annual mortality rate. Dialysis dose, measured by Kt/V, significantly increased from 1.3 +/- 0.3 in 1987 to 1.5 +/- 0.4 in 1990 and to 1.7 +/- 0.4 in 1993. Serum albumin level also increased from 3.8 +/- 0.4 g/dL in 1987 to 4.0 +/- 0.4 in 1990 and to 1.7 +/- 0.4 in 1993. In 1993, 76% of patients had Kt/V > or = 1.50 compared with 45% in 1990 and 28% in 1987, whereas 82% of patients had a serum albumin level > or 4.0 g/dL in 1993 compared with 58% in 1990 and 29% in 1987. Protein catabolic rate and hematocrit also increased from 1987 to 1993, but not serum cholesterol or triglyceride. The annual mortality rate declined from 16.1% in 1987 to 13.2% in 1990 and to 8.0% in 1993. The decrease in mortality appeared to be unrelated to differences in patient selection or comorbid conditions. Serum albumin levels, hematocrit, Kt/V, and protein catabolic rate were significantly related to patient survival after age, sex, and diabetic status had been adjusted. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between Kt/Vs and serum albumin concentration (r = 0.216, P < 0.001). Thus it appears that increasing the dose of dialysis improves serum albumin levels and perhaps survival rate in hemodialysis patients as well. 相似文献
3.
The authors present the management of trochanteric fractures based on 343 fractures treated in Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma in Clinical Hospital of Emergencies of Ia?i for 5 years. The non-operative treatment was used in 17.2% of cases and the conservative methods were plaster immobilization, continuous traction and early mobilization. The surgical treatment was used in 82.8% of cases. The reduction of the fractures was usually possible using closed methods. For fixation, the authors used four types of implants: the 135 degrees blade-plate in 9.2% of cases, the condylar blade plate in 44.7%, Ender nails in 45.4% and DHS in 0.6% of cases. The choice of one of this methods depends on the type of fracture, age of the patient and on his biological status. 相似文献
4.
5.
Background and purpose
Adverse events and medical errors can have severe consequences for patients (“first victims”), but also for the involved health care professionals (“second victims”). Don Berwick, former director of the Boston Institute for Healthcare Improvement (USA), highlighted the support for “second victims” as an “ethical issue”. But there is no clarity about what “ethical issue” implies. This article aims to clarify this question from the perspective of organizational ethics.Method
Starting with data from the literature, challenges are described and evaluated from the perspective of organizational ethics.Results
Evidence suggests that current approaches for supporting “second victims” are not sufficiently effective to help professionals to cope with the psychological consequences of adverse patient events and medical errors. This not only has negative consequences for the involved professionals, but can also put patient safety again at risk. In the light of these data, an organizational ethics approach is needed to comply with Don Berwick’s claim to consider the support of “second victims” as an “ethical issue”. This approach fosters the congruence of the organization’s values that are declared and those that are practiced. Its normative foundation is rooted in the organization’s duty of care both for the patients and for the employees.Conclusions
Using organizational ethics it is possible to conceptualize and visualize the support for “second victims” as a binding component of the safety culture of the organization. It is translated into the organization’s obligation to raise the awareness for the phenomenon and to provide the resources necessary to deal effectively with it, e.?g., evidence-based ethical guidelines, standardized procedures, staff training, and low-threshold coaching programs.6.
E Huidovici M Artino R Carmaciu A B?d?r?u A Iancu 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,100(3-4):135-137
Our previous experimental studies on rats motionless for 7 to 60 days in special devices limiting their movements revealed a significantly increased activity of the fibrinolytic system (Groza, Artino) due to the "detention stress" rather then to the immobilization. Starting from these studies we have tried to observe the behaviour of the fibrinolytic system during long-term orthopedic immobilization (7-28 days) on patients having different injuries of the lower limb and submitted to orthopedic therapy (with or without osteosynthesis) to which an anticoagulant preventive treatment was added (heparin or low-molecular-weight substitutes such as Clivarine, Fraxiparine). We studied on 23 patients (11 male and 12 female) motionless for 14, 21, 28 days the plasma fibrinolytic activity (PFA) through euglobulin lysis time (ELT). Clinical investigation revealed that PFA did not change significantly during long-term orthopedic immobilization regardless of the duration of immobilization (14,21,28 days). Rosenfeld et al. (1994) described in healthy volunteers on bedrest for 36 hours an increase of PFA beginning at 24 hours of immobilization, this variation being capable of preventing stasis effects. Our results suggest that preventive anticoagulant therapy properly given during immobilization prevents thromboembolic events. 相似文献
7.
Using a fuzzy logic control system, we propose in this paper an optimized method to reduce the points number to be used in order to identify a person using fuzzy fingerprints. Two fingerprints are similar if n out of N points from the skin are identical. We discuss a criteria to choose these points. Our method compares two matching sets and selects the optimal set from these, using a fuzzy reasoning system based on intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. The advantage of our method with respect to the classical existing methods consists in a smaller number of calculations. 相似文献
8.
We consider a simply supported plate with constant thickness, defined on an unknown multiply connected domain. We optimize its shape according to some given performance functional. Our method is of fixed domain type, easy to be implemented, based on a fictitious domain approach and the control variational method. The algorithm that we introduce is of gradient type and performs simultaneous topological and boundary variations. Numerical experiments are also included and show its efficiency. 相似文献
9.
Qilin Fu Daniel Lundin Cornel M. Nicolescu 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2014,23(2):506-517
Machining dynamic stability has been enhanced through a damping coating based on a novel carbon-based nanocomposite material. The coating was synthesized using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method, and deposited on to the round-shank boring bar used for internal turning and tested during machining. Comparisons between an uncoated and a coated boring bar were carried out at 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm depth of cut using a five times length to diameter ratio overhang, which are typical conditions known to generate detrimental mechanical vibrations. From sound pressure measurement it was found that the measured absolute sound level during process could be reduced by about 90% when using the tool coated with damping layer. Surface roughness measurements of the processed workpiece showed decreased Ra values from approximately 3-6 μm to less than 2 μm (and in 50% of the cases <1 μm) when comparing an uncoated standard tool with its coated counterpart. Moreover, it was found that the addition of an anti-vibration coating did not adversely affect other tool properties, such as rigidity and modularity. 相似文献
10.
Ramona M. Grigorescu Paul Ghioca Lorena Iancu Madalina E. Grigore Rodica-Mariana Ion Cristian-Andi Nicolae Raluca Gabor Mircea I. Filipescu Maria Rapa Roxana D. Trusca Marius Ghiurea 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2020,137(5):48329
The reuse of plastic components of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is an important concern both for environmental issues and to preserve the material resources, with minimum energy consumption. Considering that polystyrene fraction was reported as approximate 80% of the total amount of WEEE plastic, this article aims to evaluate the recycling of this fraction, without separation by components, by melt compounding with styrene-butadiene block-copolymer (SBS) and hydrogenated and maleinized SBS, the blend of the two elastomers acting both as an impact modifier and compatibilizer. The composites are characterized by mechanical analysis, impact tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The recycling conditions of the polystyrene fraction as composites without eliminating the WEEE additives for improved UV and flame resistance, with physical mechanical properties comparable to those of high-impact polystyrene resulted from the study. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48329. 相似文献