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Three experiments showed that phonological recoding of visual stimuli in short-term memory affects coding in long-term memory (LTM) and therefore performance on tasks involving generation and manipulation of visual images of the stimuli. An image transformation task was devised. It consists of mentally subtracting a part of an image to discover in the remainder another object. In Exp 1, Ss were required to learn a set of easily nameable visual stimuli and then perform the subtraction task on images retrieved from LTM. Performance was significantly better when initial learning was accompanied by articulatory suppression (AS). Exp 2 confirmed that AS had no effect when the task was performed on an image of a just-presented stimulus. In Exp 3, the nameability of the stimuli was manipulated. The results replicated the effect of AS for items that were easy to name but showed no effect of AS for stimuli that were difficult to name. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
3.
Phillips Dorothy A.; Hearty Paul J.; Latrémouille Susane; Treurniet William C.; Whalen Thomas E. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1985,26(3):219
Discusses telematics, a new field of behavioral research in Canada that has grown with the technical developments in which computers and telecommunications have been combined. Three domains of behavioral research reflect relationships between humans and the technology and use the evidence and methods of different areas of psychology: (1) interface studies address perception and performance questions, (2) dialog studies focus on cognitive processes, and (3) impact studies investigate social relations and how institutions and individuals are affected by telematics. Studies conducted during the past 5 yrs by the Behavioural Research and Evaluation division of the Department of Communications, Government of Canada, are described in each of these 3 domains. Behavioral research in telematics is expected to be an increasingly important activity in which psychologists may play an active part as the technology disseminates. (French abstract) (47 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
4.
Bellovin Steven M. Benzel Terry V. Blakley Bob Denning Dorothy E. Diffie Whitfield Epstein Jeremy Verissimo Paulo 《Security & Privacy, IEEE》2008,6(1):16-23
A virtual roundtable (featuring panelists Steven Bellovin, Terry Benzel, Bob Blakely, Dorothy Denning, Whitfield Diffie, Jeremy Epstein, and Paulo Verissimo) discussing the next 15 years in computer security. 相似文献
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Male rats were fed 100 nM dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C in oil by gastric tube. Recovery of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C in thoracic duct lymph was 60% in 12 hr. Lymph dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C (97%) occurred in lipoproteins of d<1.006, designated chylomicrons. Mechanical separation of chylomicron triglyceride core
(labeled with triglyceride-3H) from chylomicron membrane (labeled with phospholipid-32P) showed that 97% dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C was present in triglyceride core. To investigate possible association of plasma clearance of the two core lipids, rats were
pulse injected with chylomicrons, doubly labeled with triglyceride-3H and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C. The decay of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C in sequential serum samples was rapid (T1/2=2 min) and was independent of triglyceride-3H decay. In tissues removed 14 min after injection of chylomicrons, 30% administered dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C was found in liver but only 1% in adipose tissue. In hepatectomized (eviscerated) rats, the decay of serum dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C (T1/2=10 min) was also independent of and more rapid than triglyceride-3H decay. With sucrose density gradients, it was shown that chylomicron dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane-14C transferred to higher density serum proteins in vitro and in vivo and to bovine albumin in vitro. Thus, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
was transported from intestine largely in the triglyderide phase of chylomicrons; disappearance of chylomicron-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
from the systemic circulation was rapid and partly independent of the presence of the liver and of triglyceride hydrolysis;
some dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane was transported from serum chylomicrons to albumin or other plasma proteins before tissue
uptake. 相似文献
7.
The in vitro incorporation of leucine, isoleucine and pyruvate into lipids was compared and the possibility that leucine might
serve as anin situ precursor to the correspondingiso fatty acids in the rat sciatic nerve was studied. The relative incorporation of14C from leucine into lipids vs. nonlipids was 20%, and the incorporation of label into total lipids from leucine was one-half
that from pyruvate. The incorporation of label from leucine and pyruvate into sterols was nearly equivalent, but the incorporation
of label into all other lipid classes from leucine was less than that from pyruvate, and the incorporation of label from isoleucine
into lipids was much less in all cases. No detectable label from leucine was incorporated into brached chain fatty acids.
It is concluded that leucine may be a substantial in vitro precursor to all major lipids in peripheral nerve, especially sterols.
The possibility and significance of a leucine catabolic pathway in the cytosol in relation to availability of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl
CoA for sterol biosynthesis is discussed. 相似文献
8.
The utility of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow-cover products is limited by cloud cover which causes gaps in the daily snow-cover map products. We describe a cloud-gap-filled (CGF) daily snow-cover map using a simple algorithm to track cloud persistence, to account for the uncertainty created by the age of the snow observation. Developed from the 0.05° resolution climate-modeling grid daily snow-cover product, MOD10C1, each grid cell of the CGF map provides a cloud-persistence count (CPC) that tells whether the current or a prior day was used to make the snow decision. Percentage of grid cells “observable” is shown to increase dramatically when prior days are considered. The effectiveness of the CGF product is evaluated by conducting a suite of data assimilation experiments using the community Noah land surface model in the NASA Land Information System (LIS) framework. The Noah model forecasts of snow conditions, such as snow-water equivalent (SWE), are updated based on the observations of snow cover which are obtained either from the MOD10C1 standard product or the new CGF product. The assimilation integrations using the CGF maps provide domain-averaged bias improvement of ~11%, whereas such improvement using the standard MOD10C1 maps is ~3%. These improvements suggest that the Noah model underestimates SWE and snow depth fields, and that the assimilation integrations contribute to correcting this systematic error. We conclude that the gap-filling strategy is an effective approach for increasing cloud-free observations of snow cover. 相似文献
9.
Coastal waters are modeled for a variety of purposes including eutrophication remediation and fisheries management. Combining these two approaches provides insights which are not available from either approach independently. Coupling is confounded, however, by differences in model formulations and “currencies.” We present here an initial coupling of a spatially- and temporally-detailed eutrophication model, CE-QUAL-ICM, with a network fisheries model, Ecopath. We list commonalities between the models and present algorithms and software for the exchange of information. The models are applied to the central portion of Chesapeake Bay for a contemporary summer period. After comparison of the representations of Chesapeake Bay by the two models, an illustrative example one-way, off-line, coupling is presented. In an initial examination of a 20% increase in predation on phytoplankton by a small, highly-exploited fish (Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus), computed reduction in phytoplankton biomass is accompanied by increased production due to enhanced nutrient recycling. Minimal impact on the structure of the food web or on biomass of higher-trophic level organisms is computed. The algorithms and software can be adapted to alternate eutrophication models and Ecopath applications and provide the first, necessary, steps for subsequent coupling with the time-variable Ecosim model. 相似文献
10.
The it Imperative in Business Transformation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The IT imperative is to construct enterprisewide systems and capabilities needed by business to compete. For IS managers, this means embracing the viewpoint that IT plays a crucial role in building the business of the future. IS and business management must act as true partners, each supporting the other in creating an optimally performing company. 相似文献