On the number of broadcast schemes in networks

Broadcasting is the process of spreading one piece of information among a group of individuals connected by an interconnection network. In this paper we give exact lower and upper bounds for the number of broadcast schemes in arbitrary networks. Also, we give the exact value for complete bipartite graphs and an upper bound for regular networks. Based on the counting method we describe a new random algorithm for broadcasting in networks.     

Training new, nonnative speech contrasts: A comparison of the prototype and perceptual fading techniques.

Trained 12 unilingual Canadian francophone listeners (aged 17–23 yrs) to identify the English voiceless and voiced linguadental "th" fricatives, /θ/ and /δ/, using synthetic exemplars of each phoneme. Results show that training with appropriately selected prototype stimuli could produce a linguistically meaningful improvement in a listener's ability to identify new, non-native speech sounds, both natural and synthetic. However, it was not clear whether such training with a single prototype improved performance as effectively as the fading technique used by D. G. Jamieson and D. E. Morosan (see record 1988-00265-001). (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Nanoshells with Targeted Simultaneous Enhancement of Magnetic and Optical Imaging and Photothermal Therapeutic Response

Integrating multiple functionalities into individual nanoscale complexes is of tremendous importance in biomedicine, expanding the capabilities of nanoscale structures to perform multiple parallel tasks. Here, the ability to enhance two different imaging technologies simultaneously—fluorescence optical imaging and magnetic resonance imaging—with antibody targeting and photothermal therapeutic actuation is combined all within the same nanoshell‐based complex. The nanocomplexes are constructed by coating a gold nanoshell with a silica epilayer doped with Fe₃O₄ and the fluorophore ICG, which results in a high T₂ relaxivity (390 mM ^?1 s^?1) and 45× fluorescence enhancement of ICG. Bioconjugate nanocomplexes target HER2+ cells and induce photothermal cell death upon near‐IR illumination.     

Inside looking out: a framework for discussing the question of architectural design doctorates

This text proposes a framework for provoking and sustaining a debate on the question of architectural design doctorates. Through a series of aphorisms it argues that the formal structure of architectural research should be defined by architects according to disciplinary specificity.

1. Architectural design is to architecture what research is to science.
2. The recognition of architectural design as research is more a problem of academic and social legitimisation than an epistemological one.
3. The process of architectural design is close to the process of knowledge creation in the sciences.
4. Architectural design is a process that incorporates and reconstructs knowledge.
5. The doctorate is a link in the chain of professional training of scientists as researchers and of architects as designers.
6. The ArchD is an opportunity to improve the practice of architecture.
7. The ArchD is an exploration of architectural design, the main tool of architects.
8. The Interface ArchD connects architectural design to theories and practices, to other forms of design and to other types of knowledge.
9. The Didactic ArchD contributes to the training of design professors, to the conversion of design knowledge into educational content and to innovation in learning environments in architecture.
10. The Self-reflective ArchD questions real or simulated practice, or proposes visionary designs.
11. There is no axiological difference between architectural design and scientific research.

     

Dynamic characterization of machining systems

In the working space model of machining, an experimental procedure is implemented to determine the elastic behaviour of the machining system. In this paper, a dynamic characterization and vibration analysis has long been used for the detection and identification of the machine tool condition. The natural frequencies of the lathe machining system are required (Ernault HN400??France) according to three different situations with no cutting process are acquired. The system modal analysis is used to identify the natural frequencies. These frequencies are then compared to the ones obtained on the spindle numerical model by finite element method. This work is validated by experimental tests based on measures of the lathe machine tool frequencies domain. The main objective is to identify a procedure giving the natural frequency values for the machine tool components, in order to establish a better condition in the cutting process of the machine tool.     

Synthesis of Phase‐Pure Ferromagnetic Fe3P Films from Single‐Source Molecular Precursors

A new method for the preparation of phase‐pure ferromagnetic Fe₃P films on quartz substrates is reported. This approach utilizes the thermal decomposition of the single‐source precursors H₂Fe₃(CO)₉PR (R = ^tBu or Ph) at 400 °C. The films are deposited using a simple, home‐built metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) apparatus and are characterized using a variety of analytical methods. The films exhibit excellent phase purity, as evidenced by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field‐dependent magnetization measurements, the results of which agree well with measurements obtained from bulk Fe₃P. Using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques, the films are found to have thicknesses between 350 and 500 nm with a granular surface texture. As‐deposited Fe₃P films are amorphous, and little or no magnetic hysteresis is observed in plots of magnetization versus applied field. Annealing the Fe₃P films at 550 °C results in improved crystallinity as well as the observation of magnetic hysteresis.     

Envelope dynamic analysis: a new approach for milling process monitoring

Vibration analysis has long been used for the detection and identification of the condition of machine tools. This paper proposes a method for vibration analysis in order to monitor online the milling process quality based on synchronous envelope analysis. Adapting envelope spectral analysis to characterize the milling tool is an important contribution for qualitative and quantitative characterization of milling capacity. It is a stage in modeling the three-dimensional cutting process. To determine different parameters, to understand the phenomenon which takes place during the cutting process, and to validate the monitoring algorithm, it was necessary to build and to use a complex analysis system. An experimental protocol was designed and developed for the acquisition, processing, and analyzing the three-dimensional signal. The vibration envelope analysis is proposed to detect the cutting capacity of the tool with the optimization application of cutting parameters. This purpose is reached by a detailed dynamic study of the manufacturing system divided into two parts. The first one concerns the complete analysis of the machine, of the main spindle. A dynamic analysis method is developed to completely characterize the various components of machine tools. The second is concentrated on the cutting process to condition monitoring and diagnosis. The research is focused on fast Fourier transform optimization of vibration analysis and vibration synchronous envelope to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the machine/tool/workpiece.     

Inside looking out: a framework for discussing the question of architectural design doctorates

This text proposes a framework for provoking and sustaining a debate on the question of architectural design doctorates. Through a series of aphorisms it argues that the formal structure of architectural research should be defined by architects according to disciplinary specificity.

1. Architectural design is to architecture what research is to science.

2. The recognition of architectural design as research is more a problem of academic and social legitimisation than an epistemological one.

3. The process of architectural design is close to the process of knowledge creation in the sciences.

4. Architectural design is a process that incorporates and reconstructs knowledge.

5. The doctorate is a link in the chain of professional training of scientists as researchers and of architects as designers.

6. The ArchD is an opportunity to improve the practice of architecture.

7. The ArchD is an exploration of architectural design, the main tool of architects.

8. The Interface ArchD connects architectural design to theories and practices, to other forms of design and to other types of knowledge.

9. The Didactic ArchD contributes to the training of design professors, to the conversion of design knowledge into educational content and to innovation in learning environments in architecture.

10. The Self-reflective ArchD questions real or simulated practice, or proposes visionary designs.

11. There is no axiological difference between architectural design and scientific research.

     

Crystal structure and physical properties of Mg6Cu16Si7-type M6Ni16Si7, for M = Mg, Sc, Ti, Nb, and Ta

Five compounds were investigated for magnetic character and superconductivity, all with non-magnetic nickel and band structures containing flat bands and steep bands. The syntheses and crystal structures, refined by powder X-ray diffraction, are reported for M₆Ni₁₆Si₇, where M = Mg, Sc, Ti, Nb, and Ta. All compounds form in the Mg₆Cu₁₆Si₇ structure type. Resistance measurements are also reported on M₆Ni₁₆Si₇ (M = Mg, Sc, Ti, and Nb) down to 0.3 K, with all four showing metallic conductivity. No superconductivity is observed. Magnetization measurements for all compounds reveal essentially temperature independent paramagnetism, with a tendency toward more enhanced low temperature paramagnetism for the cases of Mg₆Ni₁₆Si₇ and Sc₆Ni₁₆Si₇.     

Salinity-Induced Variation in Biochemical Markers Provides Insight into the Mechanisms of Salt Tolerance in Common (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Runner (P. coccineus) Beans

The evaluation of biochemical markers is important for the understanding of the mechanisms of tolerance to salinity of Phaseolus beans. We have evaluated several growth parameters in young plants of three Phaseolus vulgaris cultivars subjected to four salinity levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl); one cultivar of P. coccineus, a closely related species reported as more salt tolerant than common bean, was included as external reference. Biochemical parameters evaluated in leaves of young plants included the concentrations of ions (Na⁺, K⁺, and Cl⁻), osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, and total soluble sugars), and individual soluble carbohydrates. Considerable differences were found among cultivars, salinity levels, and in their interaction for most traits. In general, the linear component of the salinity factor for the growth parameters and biochemical markers was the most important. Large differences in the salinity response were found, with P. vulgaris cultivars “The Prince” and “Maxidor” being, respectively, the most susceptible and tolerant ones. Our results support that salt stress tolerance in beans is mostly based on restriction of Na⁺ (and, to a lesser extent, also of Cl⁻) transport to shoots, and on the accumulation of myo-inositol for osmotic adjustment. These responses to stress during vegetative growth appear to be more efficient in the tolerant P. vulgaris cultivar “Maxidor”. Proline accumulation is a reliable marker of the level of salt stress affecting Phaseolus plants, but does not seem to be directly related to stress tolerance mechanisms. These results provide useful information on the responses to salinity of Phaseolus.