建立气井产能方程及计算地层压力的新方法

气井产量取决于井底流动压力，所以气井产能方程应该能够直接描述流压与产量的关系。文中基于气井二项式产能方程，提出了可以直接反映流压与产量之间关系的二元回归形式的产能方程模型。介绍了该模型的基本原理并进行了实例分析。该模型可以预测地层压力。     

Nonlinear Thermal Analysis for Qing-Tibet Railway Embankments in Cold Regions

Heat convection in ballast mass in railway embankments is a problem of heat convection in porous media. In order to calculate the temperature distribution of the Qing-Tibet railway embankment from the governing equations used to study forced convection for incompressible fluids porous media, detailed finite-element formulas for heat convection in porous media are derived using Galerkin’s method. The temperature distributions on central lines of the traditional railway embankment, the ripped-rock embankment, and the ripped-rock revetment embankment that were constructed on July 15, 2002 have been analyzed and compared on July 15, October 15 in the 24th year after construction, and January 15 in the 25th year after construction under the climatic and geological conditions on the Qing-Tibet Railway. The calculated results indicate that the traditional railway embankment will raise the permafrost temperature under the embankment base and make the permafrost embankment thermally unstable. The ripped-rock embankment and the ripped-rock revetment embankment will reduce the permafrost temperature under the embankment base in cold regions, therefore maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost. However, the ripped-rock embankment needs more rock mass while the ripped-rock revetment embankment need less rock mass, and its construction cost is lower than that of the former. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the ripped-rock revetment embankment be used for the Qing-Tibet railway embankment structure in high temperature permafrost regions so that the permafrost embankment can be protected as much as possible.     

劲性芯水泥土搅拌桩承载力计算方法研究

劲性芯水泥土搅拌桩是将传统的水泥土搅拌桩和混凝土预制桩相结合起来的新桩型,使混凝土预制桩强度高的优点得到充分发挥,还可以充分利用水泥土搅拌桩较高的侧摩阻力,共同提高桩的整体承载力.文章根据相关规范规定,对等芯劲性芯水泥土搅拌桩的破坏模式和单桩竖向承载力计算公式进行了分析研究,按破坏模式构建承载力计算体系.研究水泥土胶结作用、水泥土和混凝土弹性模量比值、应力集中对承载力和破坏模式的影响,并对竖向承载力计算公式进行了修正.以常州市新孟河奔牛水利枢纽工程劲性芯水泥土搅拌桩试桩试验为依托,验证修正后承载力计算公式的准确性.     

用于确定双吸离心泵Suter曲线的三维内特性法研究

水泵Suter曲线是泵站水锤分析的必备条件之一。现有用于获取双吸离心泵Suter曲线的实测法具有难度大、成本高的特点,而间接插值估算法的精度又比较低,本文提出了一种通过水泵流场三维数值计算确定双吸离心泵Suter曲线的新方法,简称三维内特性法。该方法采用计算流体力学(CFD)技术,对双吸离心泵的水力模型进行三维造型、工况离散、流场计算及结果转化,以快速、准确地获取双吸离心泵Suter曲线,在正水泵工况、正水轮机工况、反水轮机工况、反水泵工况等工况下,计算出相应流量、转速、扬程和转矩关系。定量分析表明,相比于间接插值估算法,采用三维内特性法获得的Suter曲线中,Wh(x)的计算精度平均提高了39.2%,Wb(x)的计算精度平均提高了26.3%;在将采用该方法获得的双吸离心泵Suter曲线用于事故停泵工况水锤分析时,计算得到的系统最大压力降低了15.0%,管线发生汽化压力的范围缩减了81.4%,双吸离心泵的最大倒流量增大了11.9%,最大倒转速降低了6.1%,与实际测试结果更为接近。该方法为提高双吸离心泵站水锤分析精度提供了一种新技术途径。     

提高产品合格粒级产率的试验研究

扼要介绍了某选厂碎磨试验研究的情况．并根据研究结论，提出了该厂技术改造应当采用的流程与设备方案，以提高产品合格粒级产率。     

空化对振动水翼附加质量和阻尼特性影响研究

抽水蓄能机组需频繁调节工况以适应电网需求。由此水力激振频率范围加宽,共振风险增加。附加质量和阻尼特性是评估共振工况点和共振幅值的关键参数。在空化发生时,叶片绕流流体从液相变成汽相,其复杂的流固耦合效应对叶片附加质量和阻尼特性产生影响。本文将叶片简化为NACA 0009水翼,探索了空化发生时基于双向流固耦合的附加质量和水力阻尼特性预测方法。结果表明,模拟得到的静水中固有频率和不同空化数下的空化脱落频率与实验结果吻合良好,相对误差分别在7.12%和8.76%以内。在空化数σ=1.04~2.02范围内,固有频率和水力阻尼随空化数的降低分别增大和减小,相对于实验的平均误差分别为9.69%和13.65%。内部流动分析表明反向射流导致前缘空化周期性脱落,吸力面的绕流速度下降则是空化发生后水力阻尼下降的主要原因。研究成果对抽水蓄能机组设计阶段预判空化时的叶片振动评估具有重要指导意义。     

颜色模型扰动的语义对抗样本生成方法

卷积神经网络是一种具有强大特征提取能力的深度神经网络,其在众多领域得到了广泛应用。但是,研究表明卷积神经网络易受对抗样本攻击。不同于传统的以梯度迭代生成对抗扰动的方法,提出了一种基于颜色模型的语义对抗样本生成方法,利用人类视觉和卷积模型在识别物体中表现出的形状偏好特性,通过颜色模型的扰动变换来生成对抗样本。在样本生成过程中其不需要目标模型的网络参数、损失函数或者相关结构信息,仅依靠颜色模型的变换和通道信息的随机扰动,所以这是一种可以完成黑盒攻击的对抗样本。     

Optimization of Waste Gate Drive Circuit of Two-Stage Turbocharging System

A two stage turbocharging control system was proposed, in which the pressure regulator valve with a close-loop pressure adjusting function instead of a high speed on-off solenoid valve, is used as a driving mechanism of waste gate. A digital-analog (DA)conversion circuit based on pulse width modulation (PWM) generates one analog voltage signal required by the pressure regulating valve control. The principle of the DA conversion circuit was analyzed, meanwhile, the performance of the conversion circuit was improved by adopting a speed-up capacitor, which helps to increase the stability and responsiveness of the control voltage generated by the conversion circuit; the structure parameters of the circuit was optimized by simulation. After the optimization, the ripple wave of circuit output voltage was kept within 16.mV under the 12.bit conversion accuracy, the conversion time of the circuit could be reduced to 4.ms. The engine bench test show that the turbocharging boost pressure control system which adopted the circuit had a rather good stable control accuracy(the steady state within 0.8%) and dynamic response(the regulation time is less than 4.s).     

地理信息技术在公安行业中的应用

分析警用地理信息系统的现状,总结建设中的关键GIS技术,并对系统的基本框架进行简要的描述,最后对具体业务应用进行简要的介绍。