Structural, electrical and optical properties of Bi2Se3 and Bi2Se(3−x)Tex thin films

Thin films of Bi₂Se₃, Bi₂Se_2.9Te_0.1, Bi₂Se_2.7Te_0.3 and Bi₂Se_2.6Te_0.4 are prepared by compound evaporation. Micro structural, optical and electrical measurements are carried out on these films. X-ray diffraction pattern indicates that the as-prepared films are polycrystalline in nature with exact matching of standard pattern. The composition and morphology are determined using energy dispersive X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The optical band gap, which is direct allowed, is 0.67 eV for Bi₂Se₃ thin films and the activation energy is 53 meV. Tellurium doped thin films also show strong optical absorption corresponding to a band gap of 0.70-0.78 eV. Absolute value of electrical conductivity in the case of tellurium doped thin film shows a decreasing trend with respect to parent structure.     

Qualitative and quantitative analysis in sandalwood oils using near infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques

Sandalwood oil is an essential oil which finds very wide application in the flavor and fragrance, pharmaceutical industry. The objective of this study is to use the potential of near infrared spectroscopy as a rapid analytical technique for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of purity in sandalwood oils. The quality and efficacy of sandalwood oils, even though come from the same species, are somewhat different according to growing conditions (origin) and poor extraction methods. Classification of sandal oils based on their NIR spectra is performed by principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and self organising map (Kohonen neural network). All these techniques clearly differentiate the oils according to the area from which the sandalwood has been cut. Support vector machine regression (SVM R) is used to predict the purity of the oils.     

Synchronal measurement of flow structure and heat transfer of impingement jet

This paper will present the characteristics of flow behavior and thermal field of both free and
impingement jet issued from a circular orifice nozzle at Re=8900.The flow behavior of a single round
jet and impingement jet was observed by smoke flow visualization recorded by a high speed camera
using 5000 frame per second.Heat transfer coefficient on the impingement surface was measured by
means of infrared camera （TVS-8500,Avio） with a two-dimensional array of Indeum-Antimony （In Sb）
sensors varying in the separation distance between the nozzle and the target plate.The heat transfer
coefficient changes in time and spatial.Therefore,the root mean square distribution of the heat
transfer was obtained from the data.As a result,it was confirmed that the longitudinal vortex was
observed outside of the ring vortex,and then the longitudinal vortex was penetrated in the jet
flow.Moreover,the high value of root mean square of the heat transfer coefficient has spread radially
in stripy manner,which is caused as the results of the longitudinal vortexes flowing in the radial
direction on the impingement plate.     

Pragmatic software tools for water reuse evaluation in a factory

The optimal use of process water becomes increasingly important since natural water resources are heavily solicited by a growing economy. Two steps can be considered in the process water optimization. A first step is the inventory of the different process streams in the process water network. Pure mathematical modeling of a dynamic water network is extremely complicated and expensive. As an approximation, the use of a steady-state network node model within commercial software is accepted to set up a water balance. Sophisticated software tools are available but common solver software may offer an alternative. A second step is the water “pinch” which searches for an optimal use of process water by combining sources and sinks, taking into account contaminant concentrations of process streams. Sophisticated pinch software can be applied but it is also possible to implement a simplified combinatory approach. Such approach can be pragmatically programmed in e.g., Visual Basic. Such tool allows for a first evaluation of the complex combinatory sources–sinks problem, enabling a low cost and easy-to-handle first interpretation of possible water-reuse opportunities. This could stimulate a further enhanced analysis with more advanced software tools and therefore promote a sustainable use of process water in the industrialized world.     

Effects of cold rolling and annealing on the structure of γ″ precipitates in a Ni-18Cr-16Fe-5Nb-3Mo alloy

A Ni-18Cr-16Fe-5Nb-3Mo alloy (a modified alloy 718, referred to herein as 718M), in which the γ″ phase is the only precipitation-strengthening phase, was made by substituting most of the aluminum and titanium in INCONEL 718 with niobium. The specimens of alloy 718M were solid-solution heat treated, aged at 1033 to 1073 K for up to 360 ks, and cold rolled to a reduction of 10 to 15 pct at room temperature. After subsequent annealing heat treatments, at the same temperatures used for aging, the morphological and structural changes of the γ″ precipitates were investigated by transmission electron microscopic observation using carbon extraction replicas. Although stacking faults were not noticed in the γ″ precipitates extracted from the aged 718M alloy, stacking faults introduced in the {112} _γ″ planes by cold rolling of the samples were confirmed. The stripelike contrast due to the stacking faults becomes less clear with increasing annealing time. With longer annealing times, necking occurs between the stripes, which eventually separate into plural particles. The selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns of the cold-rolled and annealed particles show that the metastable γ″ precipitates with stacking faults are transformed gradually into a stable δ phase. In this article, we discuss the basis of morphological and structural changes in detail. INCONEL is a trademark of INCO Alloys International, Inc., Huntington, WV.     

Loss of H19 imprinting and up-regulation of H19 and SNRPN in a case with malignant mixed Müllerian tumor of the uterus

An unusual clinical presentation of a patient with neuronal intestinal dysplasia is presented. A 46-year-old male noted a palpable mass in the right lower quadrant of his abdomen for two months. A computed axial tomographic scan showed a thickened wall of the cecum with a tumor-like appearance. The excised specimen consisted of a mass caused by the thickened, edematous wall of the dilated cecum and appendix. The wall of the cecum and appendix measured up to 2.5 and 0.8 cm, respectively, in thickness. Microscopic studies showed extensive hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the ganglia and nerve plexuses and hypertrophy of the muscularis propria, consistent with neuronal intestinal dysplasia.     

Iodide suppression of major histocompatibility class I gene expression in thyroid cells involves enhancer A and the transcription factor NF-kappa B

A sexual dimorphism more marked than in living humans has been claimed for European Middle Pleistocene humans, Neandertals and prehistoric modern humans. In this paper, body size and cranial capacity variation are studied in the Sima de los Huesos Middle Pleistocene sample. This is the largest sample of non-modern humans found to date from one single site, and with all skeletal elements represented. Since the techniques available to estimate the degree of sexual dimorphism in small palaeontological samples are all unsatisfactory, we have used the bootstraping method to asses the magnitude of the variation in the Sima de los Huesos sample compared to modern human intrapopulational variation. We analyze size variation without attempting to sex the specimens a priori. Anatomical regions investigated are scapular glenoid fossa; acetabulum; humeral proximal and distal epiphyses; ulnar proximal epiphysis; radial neck; proximal femur; humeral, femoral, ulnar and tibial shaft; lumbosacral joint; patella; calcaneum; and talar trochlea. In the Sima de los Huesos sample only the humeral midshaft perimeter shows an unusual high variation (only when it is expressed by the maximum ratio, not by the coefficient of variation). In spite of that the cranial capacity range at Sima de los Huesos almost spans the rest of the European and African Middle Pleistocene range. The maximum ratio is in the central part of the distribution of modern human samples. Thus, the hypothesis of a greater sexual dimorphism in Middle Pleistocene populations than in modern populations is not supported by either cranial or postcranial evidence from Sima de los Huesos.