Oriented Barium Titanate Thick Films by Reactive Coating on Rutile

A mechanically stable [110] oriented tetragonal barium titanate layer of ≤50 μm thickness on a rutile substrate has been obtained by reactive coating of screen printed barium titanate submicrometer powder on the substrate and following a two-step firing cycle at 1400°C for 6 min and 1310°C for 60 min. The results have been explained taking into account the BaTiO₃–TiO₂ equilibrium phase diagram.     

Einsatz des elektronischen Spiegels für den betrieblichen Überblick im Kanalsystem

Maintaining public sewer systems is one of sewer operators’ key responsibilities. Thus, information regarding the condition of the sewer system based on regular inspections is crucial in order to ensure operability and identify areas in need of rehabilitation. Condition assessments are usually carried out either directly by operational staff or indirectly, by means of CCTV inspection. However, alternative inspection methods are also available, including a manhole-zoom camera. Within the framework of the ongoing INNOKANIS project of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna four different manhole-zoom camera models have been tested to date. One aspect of this testing focused on structural and operational condition assessments in sewer systems. Based on these results, the manhole-zoom camera can provide a simple, quick and cost-effective operational overview in terms of the need for rehabilitation, cleaning or further inspection. Despite certain limitations that have to be considered when using this inspection device, it represents an effective tool for optimising operations of the sewer system.     

Enhanced recognition memory following glycine transporter 1 deletion in forebrain neurons.

Selective deletion of glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) in forebrain neurons enhances N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-dependent neurotransmission and facilitates associative learning. These effects are attributable to increases in extracellular glycine availability in forebrain neurons due to reduced glycine re-uptake. Using a forebrain- and neuron-specific GlyT1-knockout mouse line (CamKIIαCre; GlyT1tm1.2fl/fI), the authors investigated whether this molecular intervention can affect recognition memory. In a spontaneous object recognition memory test, enhanced preference for a novel object was demonstrated in mutant mice relative to littermate control subjects at a retention interval of 2 hr, but not at 2 min. Furthermore, mutants were responsive to a switch in the relative spatial positions of objects, whereas control subjects were not. These potential procognitive effects were demonstrated against a lack of difference in contextual novelty detection: Mutant and control subjects showed equivalent preference for a novel over a familiar context. Results therefore extend the possible range of potential promnesic effects of specific forebrain neuronal GlyT1 deletion from associative learning to recognition memory and further support the possibility that mnemonic functions can be enhanced by reducing GlyT1 function. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Die Refraktometrie als Hilfsmittel zur Untersuchung von Fruchts?ften

Ohne ZusammenfassungMitteilung aus dem Betriebslaboratorium der Konservenfabrik Johns. Eckart in München.     

A fluid-dynamically based model of bubble column reactors

A heterogeneous fluid dynamic model has been developed to describe the complex flow structure of two-phase in bubble columns. The equation of continuity and momentum balances form the basis of the model. Coupling of the two phases occurs via an interaction force, deduced by a force balance around a single rising bubble. Multiphase flow mixing processes are taken into consideration by introducing turbulent viscosities of the two phases involved. The Simulation program was extended to reactive system, taking into account the mass balances of a second order gas-liquid chemical reaction as well as the different absorption/reaction regimes. The gas phase concentration profiles show pronounced axial and radial dependences, while the liquid phase can be regarded as a CSTR with respect to the liquid component. With reference to the gaseous component, which is being absorbed in the liquid phase, the degree of back mixing does not show CSTR behaviour as the influence of different absorption conditions in different axial and radial reactor positions is superposed on that of turbulent motion of the liquid carrier of the dissolved gaseous component.