高能气体压裂联作技术进展

国内高能气体压裂增产技术已经由单一的有壳弹、无壳弹、液体药、可控脉冲等高能气体压裂,进展到与射孔、水力压裂、酸化、化学解堵等技术相联作的综合压裂阶段。分别对高能气体压裂与射孔、水力压裂和化学解堵等联作技术的基本原理、现场试验、作业效果等进行了介绍。高能气体压裂已发展成一种基本成熟的、综合性油气田增产改造新技术。     

Synthesis of Dimethyl Carbonate from Methanol and Carbon dioxide using Potassium Methoxide as Catalyst under Mild Conditions

Pd-supported on WO₃–ZrO₂ (W/Zr atomic ratio=0.2) calcined at 1073 K was found to be highly active and selective for gas-phase oxidation of ethylene to acetic acid in the presence of water at 423 K and 0.6 MPa. Contact time dependence demonstrated that acetic acid is formed via acetaldehyde formed by a Wacker-type reaction, not through ethanol by hydration of ethylene.     

共挤保护膜研究概况

介绍了共挤保护膜的特点及国外发展现状以及共挤保护膜所用基材种类及特点，压敏胶主要成分及作用。     

A B-spline curve extension algorithmB 样条曲线延伸算法

B-spline curve extension is an important operation in computer aided design systems. In this paper, we present a new extension algorithm for B-spline curves. The algorithm uses curve unclamping to generate a uniform B-spline curve segment from the original curve and gradually extends the segment to pass through every target point. Algorithms of uniform B-spline curves are used such that our algorithm has a low time cost and can easily handle arbitrary-order derivative constraints at the target points. Generalization for non-uniform rational B-spline curve extension is also discussed, and examples show the efficiency of our method.     

稀土催化苯乙烯配位聚合制备富含间规聚苯乙烯

由稀土羧酸盐(RE)、烷基铝(AL)与含氯活化剂(CL)组成的催化体系用于苯乙烯(St)定向聚合,研究了催化剂配比及反应条件对苯乙烯聚合反应动力学和产物结构的影响,采用凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)、核磁共振波谱仪(¹³C NMR)、偏光显微镜(POM)及差示扫描量热仪(DSC)等分析测试手段表征聚苯乙烯(PS)的分子量及其分布、立构规整度、结晶性及热性能。实验结果表明:含氯活化剂为氯代羧酸酯(CE)时,聚合速率对单体浓度均呈现一级动力学关系, 表观增长活化能为34.4 kJ·mol^-1,可得到数均分子量(M_n)为2.8×10⁵～6.8×10⁵ g·mol^-1、熔点为160～260℃的可结晶聚苯乙烯。对于CE与卤代烃(RX)复合的催化体系,可明显提高催化活性,当聚合温度为50、60、70℃时,表观增长速率常数可分别提高3.9倍、5.6倍及9.2倍,分子量降低(M_n为0.5×10⁴～5.0×10⁵ g·mol^-1),并可得到间规度[rrrr]约为60%的可结晶聚苯乙烯,熔点为170～240℃。     

Co‐optimization of SnS absorber and Zn(O,S) buffer materials for improved solar cells

Thin‐film solar cells consisting of earth‐abundant and non‐toxic materials were made from pulsed chemical vapor deposition (pulsed‐CVD) of SnS as the p‐type absorber layer and atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Zn(O,S) as the n‐type buffer layer. The effects of deposition temperature and annealing conditions of the SnS absorber layer were studied for solar cells with a structure of Mo/SnS/Zn(O,S)/ZnO/ITO. Solar cells were further optimized by varying the stoichiometry of Zn(O,S) and the annealing conditions of SnS. Post‐deposition annealing in pure hydrogen sulfide improved crystallinity and increased the carrier mobility by one order of magnitude, and a power conversion efficiency up to 2.9% was achieved. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于光频域反射技术的雪花形钢板桩抗拔试验研究

利用光频域反射技术,开展了雪花形钢板桩抗拔模型试验,获得了钢板桩在上拔过程中桩身不同处的应变和不同距离处的土体水平位移。试验结果表明：光频域反射技术能够准确监测雪花形钢板桩上拔过程中桩身的变形特征,揭示桩身不同处的变形规律;雪花形钢板桩在上拔过程中桩身不同位置应变大小和波动不同,在腹板与腹板交界处最小,翼缘边处最大;结果显示雪花形钢板桩在上拔过程中,桩周土体水平位移随上拔荷载的增大而增大,距模型桩200 mm处土体水平位移约为100 mm处的19.15%。     

Spatial distribution of hexachlorocyclohexanes in agricultural soils in Zhejiang province, China, and correlations with elevation and temperature

Large quantities of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were historically applied to soils in Zhejiang, a hilly province of eastern China, yet very limited information is publicly available for the present levels and residue characteristics of HCHs in the region. In this work, concentrations of HCHs and enantiomeric fractions (EFs) of α-isomer were analyzed in 58 agricultural soil samples (0-20 cm) collected in Zhejiang province. On the basis of the ratio of α-HCH/β-HCH and the fact that HCHs were banned in 1983 for agricultural use in China, fresh application of technical HCHs in a large quantity was unlikely in this province. Significant correlation was found between soil concentrations and elevation (R = 0.52, P < 0.001) and temperature (R = -0.55, P < 0.0001), but not between soil concentrations and total technical usage (R = -0.24, P = 0.1), suggesting a typical secondary distribution pattern. The soil residue inventories of HCHs derived from the relationship between concentration and elevation indicated 14.2 tons of HCHs left in agricultural soils in plain areas with the average elevation less than 100 m, and 61.6 tons of HCHs left in mountain soils with the average elevation higher than 100 m. It was also found that EFs of α-HCH were significantly negatively correlated with carbon biomass (C(bio)) in soils. This implies that C(bio) might have important impact on orientation and extent of enantioselective degradation of α-HCH in the region, which is, according to our knowledge, the first report of this kind.     

铁电畴层波的电光效应

铁电１８０°畴结构在超声波作用下将被诱导出沿畴壁传播的铁电畴层波，其电场导致了构成铁电１８０°畴结构的晶体的电光效应，畴结构的光率体发生了改变，晶体的主折射率受到激发铁电畴层波的超声波的调节。这一效应在声光控制和超声检测方面有应用价值。     

钢筋轻骨料混凝土剪力墙的试验研究

通过７个粉煤灰陶粒硷和一个普通砼单片剪力培的试验，研究了在低周反复荷载作用下轻骨料砼剪力墙的强度和变形性能，并与同类普通检剪力墙进行了比较和分析．试验表明，轻骨料砼剪力墙的受力性能和破坏形态与普通砼剪力墙相似，但能量耗散能力和延伸性优于普通砼剪力墙．在试验的基础上，建立了界限剪跨比的判别式，强度控制区的划分条件，提出了抗剪强度计算方法．建议方法的计算值与本次试验及国内外其它资料的结果有较好的吻合程度．本文还对剪力墙位移计算和控制，达到极限强度时的刚度退化率提出了见解．