Design and construction of a high temperature and pressure electrodeless conductivity probe

An electrodeless conductivity probe has been designed and tested at temperatures up to 250 degrees C and pressures of 4.13 MPa (600 psi). A unique pressure seal permits temperature cycling. Design of the electronics permits accurate measurement of conductivities at various elevated temperatures in spite of the change of magnetic properties of the toroids with temperature. The design of the probe can be adapted for insertion, in-line, or bypass operation.     

速生桉木硫酸盐浆氧脱木素工艺的优化

对卡伯值为17．1的速生桉木硫酸盐浆进行了氧脱木素各影响因素的研究。结果表明，用碱量、温度、氧压和时间对氧脱木素后纸浆的性质均有明显的影响。从氧脱木素后纸浆的脱木素程度和黏度的变化考虑，该速生桉木硫酸盐浆较适宜的氧脱木素工艺条件为：浆浓10％，用碱量2％，MgSO4用量0．2％，反应温度100℃，反应时间60min，氧压0．5MPa。     

Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in river water and their elimination in a pilot-scale drinking water treatment plant

The occurrence of four beta blockers, one antiepileptic drug, one lipid regulator, four anti-inflammatories, and three fluoroquinolones was studied in a river receiving sewage effluents. All compounds but two of the fluoroquinolones were observed in the water above their limit of quantification concentrations. The highest concentrations (up to 107 ng L(-1)) of the compounds were measured during the winter months. The river water was passed to a pilot-scale drinking water treatment plant, and the elimination of the pharmaceuticals was followed during the treatment. The processes applied by the plant consisted of ferric salt coagulation, rapid sand filtration, ozonation, two-stage granular activated carbon filtration (GAC), and UV disinfection. Following the coagulation, sedimentation, and rapid sand filtration, the studied pharmaceuticals were found to be eliminated only by an average of 13%. An efficient elimination was found to take place during ozonation at an ozone dose of about 1 mg L(-1) (i.e., 0.2-0.4 mg of O3/ mg of TOC). Following this treatment, the concentrations of the pharmaceuticals dropped to below the quantification limits with the exception of ciprofloxacin. Atenolol, sotalol, and ciprofloxacin, the most hydrophilic of the studied pharmaceuticals, were not fully eliminated during the GAC filtrations. All in all, the treatment train was found to very effectively eliminate the pharmaceuticals from the rawwater. The only compound that was found to pass almost unaffected through all the treatment steps was ciprofloxacin.     

Processing of rapeseed oil: effects on sinapic acid derivative content and oxidative stability

Rapeseed oil is usually expelled from the seed at high temperatures. Refining removes most of the non-triacylglycerol components, including many sinapic acid derivatives typical for rapeseed. The effect of these phenolic constituents on the oxidative stability of the oil was studied using rapeseed and turnip rapeseed oil samples resulting from different expelling conditions and refinement steps. The polar fraction was isolated, analyzed and tested for antioxidative activity in various lipid oxidation models. The amount of phenols was greatest in the post-expelled crude rapeseed oil, decreasing with an increasing degree of refining. The polar phenol content correlated with oxidative stability. The most active antioxidant component of the polar fraction was identified as vinylsyringol, a decarboxylation product of sinapic acid. This is the first report of vinylsyringol in rapeseed oil. It was abundant in the post-expelled crude oils and apparently responsible for their high phenol content and oxidative stability. Some vinylsyringol was present in the superdegummed oil but not in the fully refined oils.     

Furan in the baby-food samples purchased from the Finnish markets – Determination with SPME–GC–MS

A method applying solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometric determination was in-house validated and used to study furan concentrations in baby-food samples purchased from the Finnish markets. The validation parameters showed that the method was well applicable for the reliable analysis of furan. Furan was analysed in 21 different baby-food samples as three independent replicates. The mean levels of furan varied between 4.7 and 90.3 μg kg⁻¹ being well in accordance with the levels reported in other studies. The mean concentrations of similar product formulas based on their ingredients were 9.2, 37.0 and 49.6 μg kg⁻¹ for fruit-, vegetables- and meat-containing baby-foods, respectively. According to the statistical analyses, fruit-based baby-food samples had significantly lower concentrations of furan as compared to other formulas. Based on our exercise, it seems that a low margin of safety exists between the extreme worst case infant exposures and the deduced NOAEL of furan on experimental animals, particularly for a clear rodent carcinogen.     

Synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles to enhance magnetic permeability of metal–polymer composites

Metallic cobalt nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrogen reduction method. Particles were coated in situ with carbon by adding ethene to reaction flow. Particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray emission, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and BET method. The observed cobalt particle size distributions in different cobalt batches produced with unvarying reaction parameters was reproducible: The mean diameter of primary cobalt particle varied only 5% from the mean value of 76 nm in different batches. Increased carbon precursor concentration decreased mean diameter of cobalt particles to 17 nm. The produced nanoparticles were used as filler material in 0–3 type metal–polymer composites. Composite samples with varying filler loading were fabricated with mixing extrusion and injection moulding techniques. The magnetic properties of the fabricated composites were measured up to 1 GHz. In order to analyse the particle distribution in composite matrix and its effect on magnetic properties the microstructure was studied.     

高分散系高传质好氧生化系统的研究与实践

本文探讨了均匀受限曝气的机理 ,并通过在一汽污水厂进行的运行对比研究 ,充分表明了该法处理有机废水效率高、能耗低、出水好、切实可行     

Uses and Gratifications of Pokémon Go: Why do People Play Mobile Location-Based Augmented Reality Games?

In recent years, augmented reality games (ARGs) such as Pokémon Go have become increasingly popular. These games not only afford a novel gaming experience but also have the potential to alter how players view their physical realities. In addition to the common experiences and gratifications people derive from games, (location-based) ARGs can afford, for example outdoor adventures, communal activities, and health benefits, but also create problems stemming from, for example privacy concerns and poor usability. This raises some important research questions as to what drives people to use these new applications, and why they may be willing to spend money on the content sold within them. In this study, we investigate the various gratifications people derive from ARGs (Pokémon Go) and the relationship of these gratifications with the players’ intentions to continue playing and spending money on them. We employ data drawn from players of Pokémon Go (N = 1190) gathered through an online survey. The results indicate that game enjoyment, outdoor activity, ease of use, challenge, and nostalgia are positively associated with intentions to reuse (ITR), meanwhile outdoor activity, challenge, competition, socializing, nostalgia and ITR are associated with in-app purchase intentions (IPI). In contrast with our expectations, privacy concerns or trendiness were not associated with reuse intentions or IPI.     

复合絮凝剂的研究进展及应用

复合絮凝剂根据成分的不同可分为无机高分子复合絮凝剂、有机复合絮凝剂以及无机-有机复合絮凝剂3类.综述了复合絮凝剂的国内外研究进展,并对各种复合絮凝剂的优缺点及应用领域进行了对比分析,指出无机-有机复合絮凝剂将是今后的研究重点,而工业废物资源化制备复合絮凝剂将是未来的重要生产途径.     

MODELING AND MEASUREMENTS OF INFRARED DRYERS FOR COATED PAPER

We have developed models to determine the radiative heat transfer of infrared dryers. Using the models, the efficiencies of several IR constructions are calculated. The radiation properties of all parts of the IR dryer are measured with an IT-IR spectrometer using integrating sphere techniques. With these models and measured results, the total efficiencies of several dryer constructions are calculated for: an electric dryer with a pambolic mirror, an elecmc dryer with a flat ceramic mirror, and a gas-fired dryer. The effect of a back reflector on these dryers is also calculated. The efficiencies of all these dryers are compared to each other.