Vibrational Spectroscopy in Assessment of Early Osteoarthritis—A Narrative Review

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease, and there is currently no effective medicine to cure it. Early prevention and treatment can effectively reduce the pain of OA patients and save costs. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnose OA at an early stage. There are various diagnostic methods for OA, but the methods applied to early diagnosis are limited. Ordinary optical diagnosis is confined to the surface, while laboratory tests, such as rheumatoid factor inspection and physical arthritis checks, are too trivial or time-consuming. Evidently, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid nondestructive detection method for the early diagnosis of OA. Vibrational spectroscopy is a rapid and nondestructive technique that has attracted much attention. In this review, near-infrared (NIR), infrared, (IR) and Raman spectroscopy were introduced to show their potential in early OA diagnosis. The basic principles were discussed first, and then the research progress to date was discussed, as well as its limitations and the direction of development. Finally, all methods were compared, and vibrational spectroscopy was demonstrated that it could be used as a promising tool for early OA diagnosis. This review provides theoretical support for the application and development of vibrational spectroscopy technology in OA diagnosis, providing a new strategy for the nondestructive and rapid diagnosis of arthritis and promoting the development and clinical application of a component-based molecular spectrum detection technology.     

Hydrostatic-pressure-induced depolarization of (Pb1-1.5xLax)(Zr0.80Ti0.20)O3 ferroelectric ceramics

Pulse power energy conversion materials with ultrafast discharge processes and ultrahigh power densities have been widely used in the defense, energy, medical, and mining fields. The pressure-driven depolarization in ferroelectric materials is significant and accounts for the discharge processes. In this study, we focus on pressure-induced depolarization in (Pb_1-1.5xLa_x)(Zr_0.80Ti_0.20)O₃ (PLZT) (x = 0-0.07) ceramics, and their corresponding phase structure, dielectric properties, ferroelectric properties, and thermal depolarization performances. Although a satisfactory pulse power energy conversion performance has been achieved in Pb(Zr_0.95Ti_0.05)O₃ materials, poor temperature stability negatively influences their application. The static charge densities of PLZT (x = 0.04, 0.06) decreased from 29.11 μC/cm² and 31.53 μC/cm² to 19.76 μC/cm² and 6.56 μC/cm² under 400 MPa hydrostatic pressure, respectively, which is attributed to a pressure-driven ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase structural transition. In particular, the temperature stability of PLZT (x = 0.06) materials is up to 87°C. This study may guide the further development pulse power energy conversion devices.     

过硼酸钠在有机合成中的应用

过硼酸钠（ＳＰＢ）是一种安全、稳定、方便、价廉的理想氧化剂，本文综述了它对各类有机化合物的氧化反应。     

碱渣用作砂浆保水剂的试验研究

碱渣是氨碱法制纯碱排出的废渣,其堆存和排放造成严重的环境问题。通过对原状碱渣采取工艺处理得到较低氯离子含量的水洗碱渣和除氯碱渣,研究了原状碱渣、水洗碱渣、除氯碱渣应用于砂浆时对其性能的影响及除氯碱渣用作砂浆保水剂的可行性。结果表明,各类碱渣取代15%粉煤灰均有利于提高砂浆的保水性,但原状碱渣及水洗一次碱渣掺入砂浆后氯离子溶出含量偏高,可能造成耐久性问题;而除氯碱渣不会有耐久性问题,可以作为砂浆保水剂。除氯碱渣用作砂浆保水剂使用时,砂浆具有良好的保水性能、力学性能和较低的干缩值。其较佳的应用方式为:碱渣取代胶凝材料中的部分粉煤灰,在不改变水胶比的前提下,加入减水剂来调节砂浆稠度,无需复合有机保水剂。     

大型地铁换乘枢纽站的声屏障降噪研究

施工过程中产生的噪声污染问题,给城市建设的发展带来了负面影响。以上海人民广场地铁换乘枢纽工程为实例,根据施工及周边区域的目标降噪量及现场施工条件进行降噪相关设计,采取了声屏障降噪措施以达到降低噪声的效果。从拆除支撑施工过程中的噪声监测结果分析,设置声屏障后的施工噪声对地面影响大为降低,基本达到了设计时的预期目标。其结果表明,施工噪声对地下车站影响较小,无需对相邻地铁站进行噪声防治。     

基于改进网格运动统计特征的图像匹配算法

为了解决尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）算法在图像匹配中匹配正确率低、耗时长等问题，提出一种基于改进网格运动统计特征RANSAC-GMS的图像匹配算法。首先，利用快速旋转不变性特征（ORB）算法对图像进行预匹配，对预匹配的特征点采用网格运动统计（GMS）来支持估计量以实现正确匹配点与错误匹配点的区分；然后，采用改进的随机抽样一致性（RANSAC）算法通过匹配点间的距离相似性对特征点进行筛选，并采用评价函数对筛选后的新数据集进行重新整理，进而实现对误匹配点的剔除。采用Oxford标准图库和现实中拍摄的图像对图像匹配算法进行测试对比，实验结果表明，所提算法在图像匹配中的平均匹配正确率达到91%以上；与GMS、SIFT、ORB等算法相比，该改进算法的近景匹配正确率和远景匹配正确率分别最少提高了16.15个百分点和3.56个百分点，说明它能有效剔除误匹配点，进一步提高图像匹配精度。     

Low‐Temperature Sintering and Electric Properties of Pb0.99(Zr0.95Ti0.05)0.98Nb0.02O3 Ferroelectric Ceramics with CuO Additive

The low‐temperature sintering and electric properties of Pb_0.99(Zr_0.95Ti_0.05)_0.98Nb_0.02O₃ (PZTN 95/5) ferroelectric ceramics with CuO addition was investigated. The CuO addition significantly promoted the densification and reduced the sintering temperature of PZTN 95/5 ceramics by more than 200°C. The 0.2 wt% CuO‐added sample sintered at 1150°C exhibited the optimum relative density of 96.7% and excellent electric properties with values of P_r = 37.80 μC/cm², T_C = 223°C, ε_r = 329, and tan δ = 0.016, which were superior to that of PZTN 95/5 ceramics sintered at 1350°C.     

Enhanced shock performance by disperse porous structure:A case study in PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics

The porosity and corresponding microstructural features ultimately determine the properties of the macroporous materials. In this work, porous PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics having a common bulk density but with disperse and agglomerated pore distribution were prepared to study their influence on the physical properties. It is experimentally demonstrated that pore distribution exhibits significant influence on the shock compression response behaviors. Porous PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics with disperse pores exhibit enhanced shock resistance and thus higher breakdown strengths than its counterparts with agglomerated voids. To explain the underlying physical mechanism, a lattice‐spring model was employed to simulate both macroscopic shock response and mesoscopic evolution of the microstructures under shock compression. Our simulation results are concordant with our experimental observations. The enhanced shock resistance and larger shock plasticity of porous PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics with disperse pores under shock compression was found to be responsible for the superior performance.     

煤矿土地复垦的主要问题和政策措施建议

提出了煤矿土地复垦中土地赔偿、土地利用存在的政策、经济、技术等方面的问题，并针对问题阐述了对煤矿土地复垦的措施建议。