全文获取类型
收费全文 | 972篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 5篇 |
化学工业 | 65篇 |
金属工艺 | 3篇 |
机械仪表 | 5篇 |
建筑科学 | 9篇 |
能源动力 | 1篇 |
轻工业 | 18篇 |
水利工程 | 1篇 |
无线电 | 14篇 |
一般工业技术 | 22篇 |
冶金工业 | 827篇 |
原子能技术 | 1篇 |
自动化技术 | 9篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2016年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 5篇 |
2013年 | 47篇 |
2012年 | 3篇 |
2011年 | 5篇 |
2010年 | 5篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 4篇 |
2007年 | 2篇 |
2006年 | 4篇 |
2005年 | 6篇 |
2004年 | 2篇 |
2003年 | 2篇 |
2002年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 25篇 |
1998年 | 236篇 |
1997年 | 136篇 |
1996年 | 90篇 |
1995年 | 54篇 |
1994年 | 59篇 |
1993年 | 47篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 20篇 |
1990年 | 10篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 15篇 |
1986年 | 11篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 19篇 |
1976年 | 49篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1963年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 4篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有980条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Although self-help/mutual-help groups, like Alcoholics Anonymous, are important factors in the recovery of many chemically dependent individuals, the large dropout rates from such groups and the awareness that many who drop out do not return to dependent behavior raises interesting questions about other paths to sustained abstinence and recovery. Current emphasis on treatment outcome studies provides a means for researching factors in both those who recover with and without the assistance of self-help/mutual-help groups. The authors suggest some questions which might be investigated. 相似文献
2.
NE Joseph C Fiocchi AD Levine 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,122(4):809-14; discussion 814-6
BACKGROUND: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic inflammatory diseases, and their pathogenesis is attributed, in part, to alterations of the mucosal immune system. This study was designed to define the possible contribution of epithelial cells to the activation of lamina propria T lymphocytes (LPTs) in CD and UC. METHODS: LPTs isolated from CD, UC, and control surgical specimens were cocultured with freshly isolated allogeneic or autologous epithelial cells or epithelial cell lines. Resulting T-cell proliferation was evaluated by tritiated thymidine incorporation on day 5. RESULTS: When intestinal epithelial cells were used to stimulate mucosal T-cell proliferation, CD and UC LPTs were less responsive than control LPTs (p < 0.05 and p < 0.03, respectively). This difference between inflamed and control T cells was consistently observed by using a variety of different intestinal epithelial cell types. CONCLUSIONS: CD and UC mucosal T cells are hyporesponsive to activation by intestinal epithelial cells when compared with control LPTs. Elucidating the mechanism underlying the differential activation of CD and UC LPTs may help to better understand the immunopathogenesis of these conditions. 相似文献
3.
4.
JP Horwitz I Massova TE Wiese BH Besler TH Corbett 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,37(6):781-786
The present study establishes correlations of in vivo growth inhibition of a solid tumor, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (Panc03), of mice with the steric and electrostatic fields and the hydrophobic parameter log P of a series (32) of 1-[[2-(dialkylamino)alkyl]amino]- 9H-thioxanthen-9-ones by the 3D-QSAR method comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA). The template molecular model was hycanthone methanesulfonate (19), the structure of which had been established previously by X-ray crystallography. The hycanthone base is protonated at the terminal nitrogen N(2), and an intramolecular hydrogen bond is present between the proximal nitrogen N(1) and carbonyl oxygen O(1) atoms. Crystallographic data also indicate a planar arrangement of bonds around N(1). However, the molecular geometry of 19, optimized by semiempirical molecular orbital methods (PM3, MNDO, AM1), showed the expected trigonal-pyramidal configuration for N(1). A comparison of MO and ab initio methods applied to a model compound, 1-amino-9H-thioxanthen-9-one, led to the selection of PM3 as the method for full geometry optimization of first the cationic and then the neutral forms of 1-32, whereas AM1 provided atomic charges for these same structures save those incorporating a sulfonamide moiety (5, 7, 20, 25, 26, 29, 31, and 32). Acceptable values for the latter were obtained from ab initio calculations. Structures were aligned by minimizing root-mean-square (rms) differences in the fitting of structures to 19 using the FIT option of SYBYL. An alternative strategy of alignment, steric and electrostatic alignment (SEAL), was invoked to provide a comparison of statistical data generated with the rms alignment. The rms-fit alignment of structures produced slightly better cross-validated and conventional r2 values than those generated with the SEAL method. In addition, the rms-fit data indicate that a shift in the lattice of one-half of its spacing has a much smaller effect on the CoMFA data for a lattice of 1 A than one of 2 A. Inclusion of log P in a CoMFA of the neutral structures effected a small (ca. 8-10%) but significant improvement in cross-validated r2 values. The relative contributions of the hydrophobic effects and the steric and electrostatic fields to the conventional r2 values were 16%, 42%, and 42%, respectively. By contrast, incorporation of frontier molecular orbital (HOMO and LUMO) energies or their gaps in the PLS analyses failed to enhance correlation coefficients derived for either the charged or uncharged compounds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
8.
The effects of epithelial removal and cyclooxygenase inhibition on contractions induced by exogenous acetylcholine (ACh) and electrical field stimulation (EFS) were evaluated in horse tracheal strips and bronchial rings. Epithelial removal potentiated the response to ACh but had no influence on the response to EFS. The effect of epithelial removal was not altered by pretreating the tissues with meclofenamate, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. In trachealis strips, meclofenamate augmented contractions induced by EFS but not by ACh. In bronchial rings, meclofenamate augmented EFS-induced contraction to a greater extent than ACh-induced contraction. These effects of meclofenamate were epithelium-independent. We conclude that horse airway epithelium produces a relaxant factor that is not a prostanoid. Endogenous prostanoids originating from non-epithelial sites inhibit only cholinergic nerves in the trachea but both parasympathetic nerves and smooth muscle in the bronchi. 相似文献
9.
LM Powell DT Dryden DF Willcock RH Pain NE Murray 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,234(1):60-71
The methyltransferase of the EcoK type I restriction/modification system is trimeric, M2S1, where the S subunit determines the sequence specificity of the enzyme. The methyltransferase has a strong preference for hemimethylated substrate DNA and, therefore, we have investigated the effect of the methylation state of DNA on binding by the enzyme, together with the effects on binding of the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Our results indicate that the methyltransferase has two non-interacting S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding sites, each with a dissociation constant of 3.60 (+/- 0.42) microM determined by equilibrium dialysis, or 2.21 (+/- 0.29) microM determined by the displacement of a fluorescent probe. Ultraviolet light-induced crosslinking showed that S-adenosyl-L-methionine binds strongly only to the modification (M) subunits. Changes in the sedimentation velocity of the methyltransferase imply a protein conformational change due to S-adenosyl-L-methionine binding. Gel retardation results show that the binding of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the methyltransferase enhances binding to both specific and non-specific DNAs, but the enhancement is greater for the specific DNA. Differences in binding affinities contribute to the recognition of the specific nucleotide sequence AAC(N)6GTGC by the methyltransferase in preference to a non-specific sequence. In contrast, although the complexes of unmodified and hemimethylated DNAs with the methyltransferase have different mobilities in non-denaturing gels, there appears to be no contribution of binding affinity to the distinction between these two substrates. Therefore, the preference for a hemimethylated substrate must be due to a difference in catalysis. 相似文献
10.
In April 1991, 91 hospitalized patients in Cairo were reported to the Egyptian Ministry of Health with botulism intoxication. To define the spectrum of illness and identify a food vehicle, 45 patients were interviewed and a case-control investigation was conducted among families of 5 hospitalized patients. Clinical specimens and specimens of implicated food were tested for toxin and cultured for Clostridium botulinum. Hospitalized patients had symptoms consistent with botulism; 18 (20%) of 91 reported patients died. Illness was associated with eating faseikh (uneviscerated, salted mullet fish; lower 95% confidence limit of odds ratio = 6.6, P < .001). All 5 case-families purchased faseikh from one shop. Very high levels of type E botulinal toxin were detected in faseikh reported to be purchased from the implicated shop; C. botulinum type E was isolated from cultures of clinical specimens and from the faseikh. This is the first documented outbreak of botulism in Egypt and the largest type E outbreak ever reported. 相似文献