Schimmelpilze in Lebensmitteln der Tschechoslowakei

Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Mykoflora von 13 527 g sensorisch unveränderten Lebensmitteln (Pulver) und von 22017 verschiedetien Proben sensorisch unveränderter, an der Oberfläche sterilisierter Körner und Nüsse untersucht.Aus den Proben wurden 147 027 Kolonien von 44 Schimmelpilzgattungen isoliert und identifiziert.Am häufigsten waren Kolonien vonPenicillium sp.,Aspergillus sp. undCladosporium sp. vertreten, weniger oft oder ganz seltenRhizopus sp.,Mucor sp.,Absidia sp.,Alternaria sp.,Circinella sp.,Trichoderma sp.,Botrytis sp.,Paecilomyces sp.,Geotrichum sp.,Syncephalastrum sp.,Scopulariopsis sp.,Phoma sp.,Aureobasidium sp.,Fusarium sp.,Thamnidium sp.,Cunninghamella sp.,Stemphylium sp.,Torula sp.,Trichothecium sp.,Verticillium sp.,Cephalosporium sp.,Mortierella sp.,Neurospora sp.,Ostracoderma sp.,Arthrinium sp.,Monodyctis sp.,Papularia sp.,Acremonium sp.,Chaetomium sp.,Chrysosporium sp.,Beauveria sp.,Cephaliophora sp.,Dactylosporium sp.,Drechslera sp.,Gliomastix sp.,Helminthosporium sp.,Humicola sp.,Monilia sp.,Sepedonium sp.,Ulocladium sp. andWallemia sp.

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Molds in foods of the Czechoslovak Socialistic Republik

Summary The mycoflora of 13.527 g of food powders which were normal upon sensory evaluation as well of 22.017 pieces of surface sterilized grains and nuts was examined in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. 147.027 colonies of 44 genera of molds were isolated and identified from samples.Colonies ofPenicillium sp.,Aspergillus sp., andCladosporium sp. occured most often, less often or quite infrequentlyRhizopus sp.,Mucor sp.,Absidia sp.,Alternaria sp.,Circinella sp.,Trichoderma sp.,Botrytis sp.,Paecilomyces sp.,Geotrichum sp.,Syncephalastrum sp.,Scopulariopsis sp.,Phoma sp.,Aureobasidium sp.,Fusarium sp.,Thamnidium sp.,Cunninghamella sp.,Stemphylium sp.,Torula sp.,Trichothecium sp.,Verticillium sp.,Cephalosporium sp.,Mortierella sp.,Neurospora sp.,Ostracoderma sp.,Arthrinium sp.,Monodyctis sp.,Papularia sp.,Acremonium sp.,Chaetomium sp.,Chrysosporium sp.,Beauveria sp.,Cephaliophora sp.,Dactylosporium sp.,Drechslera sp.,Gliomastix sp.,Helminthosporium sp.,Humicola sp.,Moniliasp.,Sepedonium sp.,Ulocladium sp., andWallemia sp.

     

DRYING RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA

This paper provides general information on drying R 6D activities in Czechoslovakia. This survey report lists the main topics in drying according to individual industrial sectors in which drying plays an important role. Drying R 6D carried out in Czechoslovak Universities is also cited. The paper includes an extensive list of references, mainly proceedings of national drying conferences, symposia, and meetings     

A review of “BOOK REVIEW - DRYING OF SOLIDS” Editor A.S. Mujumdar Published by Sarita Prakashan 175 Nauchandi Ground Meerut City,U.P., India

An industrial-scale prototype of spouted bed dryer with a capacity of around 3500 kg/h was constructed and tested. The prototype is shown to have a desirable feature of a spouted bed as well as the capability of continuous drying and offering consistent results throughout the testing period. Experimental results show that the prototype performs well in reducing the moisture content of the paddy and yields high product quality in terms of the milling quality. The high temperatures up to 130–160°C were applied to dry paddy from various initial moisture contents to the range of 14–25%, dry basis without significant change in quality. Thermal energy consumption, in the range of 3.1–3.8 MJ/kg water, is comparable with other commercial dryers.     

A Novel Insight into the Cardiotoxicity of Antineoplastic Drug Doxorubicin

Doxorubicin is a commonly used antineoplastic agent in the treatment of many types of cancer. Little is known about the interactions of doxorubicin with cardiac biomolecules. Serious cardiotoxicity including dilated cardiomyopathy often resulting in a fatal congestive heart failure may occur as a consequence of chemotherapy with doxorubicin. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of exposure to doxorubicin on the changes in major amino acids in tissue of cardiac muscle (proline, taurine, glutamic acid, arginine, aspartic acid, leucine, glycine, valine, alanine, isoleucine, threonine, lysine and serine). An in vitro interaction study was performed as a comparison of amino acid profiles in heart tissue before and after application of doxorubicin. We found that doxorubicin directly influences myocardial amino acid representation even at low concentrations. In addition, we performed an interaction study that resulted in the determination of breaking points for each of analyzed amino acids. Lysine, arginine, β-alanine, valine and serine were determined as the most sensitive amino acids. Additionally we compared amino acid profiles of myocardium before and after exposure to doxorubicin. The amount of amino acids after interaction with doxorubicin was significantly reduced (p = 0.05). This fact points at an ability of doxorubicin to induce changes in quantitative composition of amino acids in myocardium. Moreover, this confirms that the interactions between doxorubicin and amino acids may act as another factor most likely responsible for adverse effects of doxorubicin on myocardium.     

Apoferritin Modified Magnetic Particles as Doxorubicin Carriers for Anticancer Drug Delivery

Magnetic particle mediated transport in combination with nanomaterial based drug carrier has a great potential for targeted cancer therapy. In this study, doxorubicin encapsulation into the apoferritin and its conjugation with magnetic particles was investigated by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). The quantification of encapsulated doxorubicin was performed by fluorescence spectroscopy and compared to CE-LIF. Moreover, the significant enhancement of the doxorubicin signal was observed by addition of methanol into the sample solution.     

A novel method for biopolymer surface nanostructuring by platinum deposition and subsequent thermal annealing

A novel procedure for biopolymer surface nanostructuring with defined surface roughness and pattern dimension is presented. The surface properties of sputtered platinum layers on the biocompatible polymer poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) are presented. The influence of thermal treatment on surface morphology and electrical resistance and Pt distribution in ca. 100 nm of altered surface is described. The thickness, roughness and morphology of Pt structures were determined by atomic force microscopy. Surface sheet resistance was studied by a two-point technique. It was the sequence of Pt layer sputtering followed by thermal treatment that dramatically changed the structure of the PLLA’s surface. Depending on the Pt thickness, the ripple-like and worm-like patterns appeared on the surface for thinner and thicker Pt layers, respectively. Electrokinetic analysis confirmed the Pt coverage of PLLA and the slightly different behaviour of non-annealed and annealed surfaces. The amount and distribution of platinum on the PLLA is significantly altered by thermal annealing.     

A Quinacrine Analogue Selective Against Gastric Cancer Cells: Insight from Biochemical and Biophysical Studies

One of the earliest synthetic antimalarial drugs, quinacrine, was recently reported as interesting for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Inspired by this and similar findings, we evaluated a set of quinacrine analogues against gastric (MKN‐28), colon (Caco‐2), and breast (MFC‐7) cancer cell lines and one normal human fibroblast cell line (HFF‐1). All the compounds, previously developed by us as dual‐stage antimalarial leads, displayed antiproliferative activity, and one of the set stood out as selective toward the gastric cancer cell line, MKN‐28. Interestingly, this compound was transported across an in vitro MKN‐28 model cell line in low amounts, and approximately 80 % was trapped inside those cells. Nuclear targeting of the same compound and its interactions with calf thymus DNA were assessed through combined fluorescence microscopy, spectroscopy, and calorimetry studies, which provided evidence for the compound's ability to reach the nucleus and to interact with DNA.     

Inhibitors against Fungal Cell Wall Remodeling Enzymes

Fungal β‐1,3‐glucan glucanosyltransferases are glucan‐remodeling enzymes that play important roles in cell wall integrity, and are essential for the viability of pathogenic fungi and yeasts. As such, they are considered possible drug targets, although inhibitors of this class of enzymes have not yet been reported. Herein we report a multidisciplinary approach based on a structure‐guided design using a highly conserved transglycosylase from Sacharomyces cerevisiae, that leads to carbohydrate derivatives with high affinity for Aspergillus fumigatus Gel4. We demonstrate by X‐ray crystallography that the compounds bind in the active site of Gas2/Gel4 and interact with the catalytic machinery. The topological analysis of noncovalent interactions demonstrates that the combination of a triazole with positively charged aromatic moieties are important for optimal interactions with Gas2/Gel4 through unusual pyridinium cation–π and face‐to‐face π–π interactions. The lead compound is capable of inhibiting AfGel4 with an IC₅₀ value of 42 μm .