Formation of a new solid β tricalcium orthophosphate structure,from reaction between hydroxyapatite and ammonium sulfate

The reaction which occur during heating, from room temperature to 1100°C, of a mixture of hydroxyapatite, Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂ [HAP] and ammonium sulfate (NH₄)₂SO₄ [AS] are studied. The formation of Ca₂(NH₄)₂(SO₄)₃, Ca₂P₂O₇ and Ca(PO₃)₂ is observed between 200°C and 300°C; at 400°C CaSO₄ appears. From 500 to 700°C, Ca(PO₃)₂ reacts with Ca SO₄ and with HAP and gives β-Ca₂P₂O₇. Lastly, from 700°C to 1000°C, β-Ca₂P₂O₇ reacts with HAP and with CaSO₄ and gives β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂ [β-TCP]; From 1000 to 1100°C, β-TCP and CaSO₄ react and form a sulfate ion containing calcium phosphosulfate, the structure of which is β-TCP     

Sensitivity of a wide-band F.I.R. receiver using a Josephson self oscillator mixer

The system temperature of a receiver using a Josephson junction as a self oscillator mixer has been measured in the range 0.6 to 2 THz. The experimental value T_S=53000K (DSB) at 900 GHz is in good agreement with the calculated value. A T_S～12 000 K is predicted with a 30 K i.f. amplifier Possible applications are related to fast frequency tunable receivers (over one octave) with limited spectral resolution.     

Synthesis of atom probe experiments on irradiation-induced solute segregation in French ferritic pressure vessel steels

Microstructural changes due to neutron irradiation cause an evolution of the mechanical properties of reactor pressure vessels (RPV) steels. This paper aims at identifying and characterising the microstructural changes which have been found to be responsible in part for the observed embrittlement. This intensive work relies principally on an atom probe (AP) study of a low Cu-level French RPV steel (Chooz A). This material has been irradiated in in-service conditions for 0–16 years in the frame of the surveillance program. Under this aging condition, solute clustering occurs (Cu, Ni, Mn, Si, P, …). In order to identify the role of copper, experiments were also carried out on Fe–Cu model alloys submitted to different types of irradiations (neutron, electron, ion). Cu-cluster nucleation appears to be directly related to the presence of displacement cascades during neutron (ion) irradiation. The operating basic physical process is not clearly identified yet. A recovery of the mechanical properties of the irradiated material can be achieved by annealing treatments (20 h at 450°C in the case of the RPV steel under study, following microhardness measurements). It has been shown that the corresponding microstructural evolution was a rapid dissolution of the high number density of irradiation-induced solute clusters and the precipitation of a very low number density of Cu-rich particles.     

New actinide ternary intermetallic compounds: synthesis, characterization and physical properties

Twelve new ternary intermetallic compounds of light actinide elements from Th to Pu, namely U₄Tc₇Si₆, U₄Tc₇Ge₆, Np₄Ru₇Ge₆, U₂Tc₃Si₅, Np₂Re₃Si₅, Pu₂Re₃Si₅, Th₂Mo₃Si₄, U₂Mo₃Si₄, U₂Mo₃Ge₄, Np₂Mo₃Si₄, Np₂Mo₃Ge₄, and Pu₂Mo₃Si₄, were obtained. The structures of these compounds are discussed as well as some preliminary physical property studies. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that An₂Mo₃(Si or Ge)₄ compounds are paramagnetic at all temperatures studied and that U₄Tc₇Si₆ orders antiferromagnetically around 25 K. Mössbauer spectroscopy on Np₄Ru₇Ge₆ does not show a magnetic splitting down to 4.2 K.     

Safety assessment of dairy microorganisms: the Leuconostoc genus

Although Leuconostoc genus is "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS), a few clinically human infections cases by this microorganism have been reported in the literature, leading to their classification as opportunistic pathogens. However, these reported cases concern only severe immunodepressed patients, and none direct relations have yet been proven between Leuconostoc isolation and human diseases. Moreover, no cases of infections have been directly linked to the consumption of fermented food. Considering the long history of use of Leuconostoc in dairy industry, and their poor incidence in human infections cases, this bacterial genus may be reasonably considered as " safe " for its use in fermented dairy products.     

Initial results of remediation activities to restore hypereutrophic Villerest Reservoir (Roanne, France)

We examined the impacts of remediation activities aimed at improving the water quality of hypereutrophic Villerest Reservoir, in which Microcystis aeruginosa dominated during the summer. We also compared nutrients and chlorophyll a data from this study with the results of a previous study on the reservoir. Between the two studies, the nitrogen and phosphorus loads into the reservoir from the main tributary decreased by 70% and 80%, respectively. Within the reservoir, the quantities of ammonia‐nitrogen were similar in the two studies, and the total nitrogen was significantly higher in this study compared to the initial study. Both the phosphate‐phosphorus and total phosphorus concentrations decreased significantly between the two studies. However, the statistically significant decrease in phosphate‐phosphorus and total phosphorus did not always lead to a significant decrease in chlorophyll a concentrations. The nitrogen/phosphorus mass ratio during the present study remained well above five, the critical value below which summer blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa were observed in Villerest Reservoir. These study results indicated that the remediation activities being used to improve the water quality of Villerest Reservoir were off to a good start.     

盘磨机磨片间纸浆纤维剪切机理的研究

讨论了纸浆纤维在盘磨机打浆时所受到的剪切特性,并由此推导出平均剪切系数与磨片平均间隙、有用功及磨片几何尺寸之间的关系,这对研究中浓打浆过程的机理及提高打浆效率是十分重要的。     

Defects in carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes are quasi one-dimensional nanostructures with unique eletrical prroperties that make them prime candidates for molecular electronics, which is certainly a most promising direction in nanotechnology. Early theoretical works predicted that the electronic properties of "ideal" carbon nanotubes depend on their diameter and chirality. However, carbon nanotubes are probably not as perfect as they were once thought to be. Defects such as pentagons, heptagons, vacancies, or dopant are found to modify drastically the electronic properties of these nanosystems. Irradiation processes can lead to interesting, highly defective nanostructures and also to the coalescence of nanotubes within a rope. The introduction of defects in the carbon network is thus an interesting way to tailor its intrinsic properties, to create new potential nanodevices. The aim of the present Acount is to investigate theoretically the effects of different types of defects on the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes, and to propose new potential applications in nanoelectronics.     

氮源用量对杨木白腐菌降解效率的影响

通过调整培养基中氮源的含量,利用白腐菌Phanerochaete chryscoporium和Trametes versicolor对杨木木片处理28 d,分析了木片的质量得率及化学成分的变化.结果表明:当酵母浸出粉的用量为1 g.L-1时白腐菌对原料中的木素降解率最高,在氮源用量相同的情况下,白腐菌Phanerochaete chryscoporium比Tranetes versicolor降解木素的速率更快.