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1.
2.
Phase Transformations in Dicalcium Silicate: II, TEM Studies of Crystallography, Microstructure, and Mechanisms 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Young Joong Kim Ian Nettleship Waltraud M. Kriven 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1992,75(9):2407-2419
The crystallography, microstructures, and phase transformation mechanisms in dicalcium silicate (Ca2 SiO4 ) were studied by TEM. Three types of superlattice structures were observed in the α'L and β phases. Almost all β grains were twinned and strained. Symmetry-related domain structures inherited from previous high-temperature transformations were observed in β grains. Both the α→α'H and α'L →β transformations were considered to be ferroelastic, and spontaneous strains were calculated. In terms of the crystal structures, the major driving force for the β→γ transformation is proposed to be strains and cation charge repulsions in the β structure. This mechanism can be displacive, but it needs to overcome a comparatively high energy barrier. 相似文献
3.
Kyeong Joong Kim Jong-Yeul Suh Moon Gi Kang Kyu Tae Park 《Electronics letters》1998,34(13):1302-1303
The boundary is approximated by a polygon which can be encoded with the smallest number of bits for maximum distortion. The temporal redundancy between two successive frames is efficiently removed with the proposed scheme, resulting in a lower bit rate than the conventional algorithms 相似文献
4.
T. Jeevananda Siddaramaiah Taek Su Lee Joong Hee Lee O. M. Samir R. Somashekar 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,109(1):200-210
Polyaniline/carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube (PAni/c-MWNT) nanocomposites have been synthesized by micellar aided emulsion polymerization with various c-MWNTs compositions, viz., 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 wt %. The microcrystalline parameters such as the nanocrystal size (〈N〉), lattice strain (g), interplanar distance (dhkl), width of the crystallite size distribution, surface weighted crystal size (Ds), and volume of the ordered regions were calculated from the X-ray data by using two mathematical models, namely the Exponential distribution and Reinhold distribution methods. The effects of heat ageing on the microcrystalline parameters of the PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites were also studied and the results are correlated. The thermal stability and electrical resistivity of the PAni/c-MWNT nanocomposites were examined with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a conventional two-probe method. The TGA data indicate that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites improved after the incorporation of c-MWNTs. The influence of temperature on the resistivity of the nanocomposites was also measured. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008 相似文献
5.
This study extends the PSO-MODSIM model, integrating particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and MODISM river basin decision support system (DSS) to determine optimal basin-scale water allocation, in two aspects. The first is deriving hydrologic state-dependent (conditional) operating rules to better account for drought and high-flow periods, and the second is direct, explicit consideration of sustainability criteria in the model’s formulation to have a better efficiency in basin-scale water allocation. Under conditional operating rules, the operational parameters of reservoir target storage levels and their priority rankings were conditioned on the hydrologic state of the system in a priority-based water allocation scheme. The role of conditional operating rules and policies were evaluated by comparing water shortages associated with objective function values under unconditional and conditional operating rules. Optimal basin-scale water allocation was then evaluated by incorporating reliability, vulnerability, reversibility and equity sustainability indices into the PSO objective function. The extended model was applied for water allocation in the Atrak River Basin, Iran. Results indicated improved distribution of water shortages by about 7.5% using conditional operating rules distinguishing dry, normal and wet hydrologic states. Alternative solutions with nearly identical objective function values were found with sustainability indices included in the model. 相似文献
6.
Ternary blends of PP (80) /rubber (EPM, EPDM) (10) / PE (10) and PP (80) / rubber (10) / CaCO3 (10) composites were prepared in a twin-screw extruder. With polyethylene (PE) viscosity comparable to, or higher than that of rubber, the dispersed phase formed a reticulate structure with reduced size. On the contrary, when the viscosity of PE was significantly lower than that of rubber, the dispersed phase formed almost homogeneous morphology. With reticulate morphology, PE crystallinity content, hardness, modulus, and elongation at break of the ternary blend increased. In polypropylene (PP) / rubber / CaCO3 composites, better dispersion of CaCO3 in the PP matrix was obtained when the viscosity of rubber was significantly higher than that of matrix. With better dispersion, hardness and tensile properties were improved, but the impact strength more or less decreased. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
7.
Biodegradability and mechanical properties of agro‐flour–filled polybutylene succinate biocomposites
The objective of this study was the production of rice husk flour (RHF) and wood flour (WF) filled polybutylene succinate (PBS) biocomposites as alternatives to cellulosic material filled conventional plastic (polyolefins) composites. PBS is one of the biodegradable polymers, made from the condensation reaction of 1,4‐butanediol and succinic acid that can be naturally degraded in the natural environment. We compared the mechanical properties between conventional plastics and agro‐flour–filled PBS biocomposites. We evaluated the biodegradability and mechanical properties of agro‐flour–filled PBS biocomposites according to the content and filler particle size of agro‐flour. As the agro‐flour loading was increased, the tensile and impact strength of the biocomposites decreased. As the filler particle size decreased, the tensile strength of the biocomposites increased but the impact strength decreased. The addition of agro‐flour to PBS produced a more rapid decrease in the tensile strength, notched Izod impact strength, and percentage weight loss of the biocomposites during the natural soil burial test. These results support the application of biocomposites as environmentally friendly materials. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1513–1521, 2005 相似文献
8.
A D-Phenylalanine (Phe) imprinted terpolymer, Polyacrylonitrile-Poly(acrylic acid)-Poly(acryl amide) (Poly(AN-AA-AAm)) bead
was prepared by the wet-phase inversion method. Acrylamide (AAm) and acrylic acid (AA) were used as the functional monomer
and acrylonitrile (AN) was used as a physical cross linker. The characteristics of selective adsorption by the D-Phe imprinted
terpolymer beads were investigated at high concentrations of Phe racemate solution, 1 g Phe/L, and 10 g Phe/L. The adsorption
selectivity of the D-Phe imprinted terpolymer beads prepared by anin-situ implanting method reached 0.82 and 0.8 at 1.0 g and 10 g Phe/L racemate solution, respectively, and almost all of the adsorbed
D-Phe and about 43% of the adsorbed L-Phe were desorbed by 4% acetic acid. The uptake capacities of the terpolymer beads were
maintained for several repeated batches. 相似文献
9.
Composite membranes were prepared by grafting plasma-polymerized films onto the surface of nonporous poly (dimethylsiloxane)
films. Gas permeabilities of the composite membranes were measured at 35°C, 1 atm for N2, 02, CO2 and CH4. The permeation properties of the composite membrane was analyzed using the series resistance model. There was a great interfacial
resistance to CH4 permeation through the composite membrane. The interfacial resistance was negligible for the other gases. The interfacial
resistance seems to be a result of an interfacial layer caused by the interaction between the bulk two layers. For CH4 gas, the permeation rate through the composite membrane was affected by the direction of flow. The directional dependence
was negligible for the other gases. 相似文献
10.
Dong-Wan Kim Do-Kyun Kwon Kug Sun Hong Deug Joong Kim 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2003,86(5):795-799
Samples of 1/6Ba5 Nb4 O15 ·5/6BaNb2 O6 along with the pure end members, Ba5 Nb4 O15 and BaNb2 O6 , were sintered under low oxygen partial pressure. The degradation mechanisms of dielectric loss in this reducing atmosphere have been studied. We found that the degradation occurred primarily due to the formation of oxygen vacancies caused by the reduction of Nb5+ . This was determined by measuring the electrical conductivity, and through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. More importantly, the dielectric loss of 1/6Ba5 Nb4 O15 ·5/6BaNb2 O6 samples with higher temperature stability was further decreased on sintering in a reducing atmosphere. This observation has been explained by considering the increased porosity and formation of a reduced second phase, Ba0.65 NbO3 . 相似文献