Composition and microbiological contamination was measured in samples of pre-packed dates purchased from a number of stores and retail outlets in Greater Glasgow. The sugar content of dried pitted dates was c . 74%, about 10% more than reported on those packs where nutritional information was given. Potentially pathogenic bacteria like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus were identified in some of the samples together with lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and moulds, Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus . Fresh dates were the most heavily contaminated of all samples, probably owing to the high moisture content. 相似文献
When the Transformer proposed by Google in 2017, it was first used for machine translation tasks and achieved the state of the art at that time. Although the current neural machine translation model can generate high quality translation results, there are still mistranslations and omissions in the translation of key information of long sentences. On the other hand, the most important part in traditional translation tasks is the translation of key information. In the translation results, as long as the key information is translated accurately and completely, even if other parts of the results are translated incorrect, the final translation results’ quality can still be guaranteed. In order to solve the problem of mistranslation and missed translation effectively, and improve the accuracy and completeness of long sentence translation in machine translation, this paper proposes a key information fused neural machine translation model based on Transformer. The model proposed in this paper extracts the keywords of the source language text separately as the input of the encoder. After the same encoding as the source language text, it is fused with the output of the source language text encoded by the encoder, then the key information is processed and input into the decoder. With incorporating keyword information from the source language sentence, the model’s performance in the task of translating long sentences is very reliable. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method of fusion of key information proposed in this paper, a series of experiments were carried out on the verification set. The experimental results show that the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) score of the model proposed in this paper on the Workshop on Machine Translation (WMT) 2017 test dataset is higher than the BLEU score of Transformer proposed by Google on the WMT2017 test dataset. The experimental results show the advantages of the model proposed in this paper. 相似文献
We explore the theoretical foundations on how firm and IT characteristics explain the market value variations in e-commerce
initiatives by examining the announcements of 946 e-commerce initiatives in the public media. Our approach combines the Event
study methodology and Decision tree induction to examine the main and interaction effects of IT and firm characteristics on
Cumulative Abnormal Returns (CAR). In particular, we generate complex interaction models that can guide e-commerce investment
decisions so managers can know, for example, which combination of IT and firm characteristics are more likely to be viewed
positively by investors. The selected study variables as well as explanation of the proposed framework are informed by innovation,
resource-based view, transaction cost economics and complementarity theories. We have inductively developed a set of propositions
that can be deductively tested to assess the validity of our proposed theoretical framework. Hence our study provides an initial
roadmap for theory development on e-commerce and CAR. 相似文献
In speech processing applications, the instantaneous bandwidth of speech can be used to adaptively control the performance of an audio sensor’s analog front end. Extracting the instantaneous bandwidth of speech depends on the detection of speech edges in the time–frequency plane. In this paper, we propose a spike encoding circuit for real-time and low-power speech edge detection. The circuit can directly encode the signal’s envelope information—an important feature to identify the speech edge—by temporal spike density without additional envelope extraction. Furthermore, the spike encoding circuit automatically adapts its resolution to the amplitude of the input signal, which improves the encoding resolution for small signal without increasing the power consumption. We use the nonlinear dynamical approach to design this circuit and analyze its stability. We also develop a linearized model for this circuit to provide the design intuition and to explain its adaptive resolution. Fabricated in 0.5-μm CMOS process, the spike encoding circuit consumes 0.3-μW power and the experimental results are presented. 相似文献
Heteropolysaccharides isolated from liquid cultures of Tremella species were derivatised to alditol acetates and identified by GLC against derivatised sugar standards. From the sugar profiles it was evident that all of the polysaccharides contained essentially the same sugars but in different ratios. Some of the polysaccharides contained the five carbon sugars-fucose, ribose, xylose and arabinose together with six carbon sugars-mannose, galactose and glucose. The uronic acid content of Tremella heteropolysaccharides also varied according to species. In addition, carbon source (arabinose, xylose, glucose, fructose and galactose) affected the sugar (including uronic acid content) ratio within the polysaccharides. 相似文献
Soybeans which had initially been dehulled by either boiling (boiled/dehulled) or roasting (roasted/dehulled) before peeling, were cooked and fermented into dawadawa, a traditional food condiment. The micropopulation, enzymatic activities, proximate composition, amino acid, and aroma profiles of the two types of soybean dawadawa were evaluated during fermentation. Only minor differences were found in the microbial profiles of the two types of soy-dawadawa. Although boiled/dehulled soy-dawadawa initially had lower microbial counts, it recorded higher counts at the advanced stages of fermentation. Proteolytic and amylolytic Bacillus species including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus firmus dominated the micropopulation of the two types of soy-dawadawa with Bacillus subtilis accounting for about 50% of the Bacillus species in all samples. Lactic acid bacteria and yeasts occurred in low numbers in the two types of soy-dawadawa. The proximate composition of the two types of soy-dawadawa were similar, and their contents of moisture and protein increased whilst fat and ash decreased during fermentation. Both types of fermenting soy-dawadawa recorded similar levels of alpha-amylase activity, but boiled/dehulled soy-dawadawa showed slightly higher protease activity. The levels of isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, arginine and proline increased significantly with fermentation time in both types of soy-dawadawa. With respect to differences in their aroma profiles, hexanodecanol, octadecyl acetate, 1,2-dimethyl benzene, tetradecene, (E)-5-eicosene, cyclohexadecane, and hexacosane were found only in the roasted/dehulled samples, whilst 1,2-ethanediol, ethyl acetate, dimethyl disulfide, cyclotetradecane, decene, indole , 2 butyl-octenal, acetophenone, and toluene were found only in the boiled/dehulled samples. A market focus group showed preference for roasted/dehulled soy-dawadawa over boiled/dehulled soy-dawadawa. Apart from the volatile aroma compounds, the biochemical and microbiological profiles of the two types of soy-dawadawa showed only minor differences and were also similar to the profiles reported for African locust bean dawadawa. 相似文献
This paper presents new developments of regression-based models to predict the saturated hydraulic conductivity of compacted soils from grain-size distribution. The models incorporate parameter values that adequately represent the distribution of grain sizes. Alternative representations of the grain-size distribution, the fractal dimension and entropy of the distributions, as well as porosity, soil density, and fines content are used in the models to estimate the hydraulic conductivity. These parameters that characterize the textural and hydraulic properties of the soil are combined and used in a multidimensional analysis to estimate the hydraulic conductivity. The predictions of the developed models are compared with those of existing models and laboratory measurements of hydraulic conductivity. The results suggest that the newly developed models outperform the existing models in predicting hydraulic conductivity using information from grain-size distribution. The presented models are suggested as alternatives to, for example, laboratory measurements of the hydraulic conductivity of certain soils that may be difficult to prepare or that may take several days or perhaps weeks to perform. In certain circumstances it may also be used to give first-hand information about the hydraulic properties in a field environment. 相似文献
The adoption of high-accuracy speech recognition algorithms without an effective evaluation of their impact on the target computational resource is impractical for mobile and embedded systems. In this paper, techniques are adopted to minimise the required computational resource for an effective mobile-based speech recognition system. A Dynamic Multi-Layer Perceptron speech recognition technique, capable of running in real time on a state-of-the-art mobile device, has been introduced. Even though a conventional hidden Markov model when applied to the same dataset slightly outperformed our approach, its processing time is much higher. The Dynamic Multi-layer Perceptron presented here has an accuracy level of 96.94% and runs significantly faster than similar techniques.
The use of an agricultural waste product, palm kernel shell, as a fuel for firing bricks is explored as a means of reducing environmental degradation and depletion of scarce firewood in Ghana. A simple but efficient methodology of clamp firing bricks using the new fuel is developed and tested. The resulting bricks are analysed for physical properties and suitability for construction use. The viability of palm kernel shell as a fuel for small-scale brick industries is considered. On etudie actuellement au Ghana les possibilites d'utilisation d'un dechet agricole, en l'occurrence, les coquilles de noix de palme, comme combustible dans les briqueteries; une telle solution permettrait de reduire la degradation de l'environnement et de diminuer l'appauvrissement des maigres reserves en bois de chauffage du pays. A cet effet, on met au point une methodologie simple mais efficace de cuisson des briques en brulant des dechets de coquilles de noix de palme. On analyse les proprietes physiques de ces briques et on verifie qu'elles conviennent a la construction. On etudie la viabilite de la coquille de noix de palme pour l'alimentation en combustible des petites briqueteries. 相似文献