Investigation of the features of integrating nonvolatile FRAM elements with CMOS technology

The results of the studies of the features of integrating the elements of nonvolatile ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) with CMOS technology are presented. The possibility and prospects of using their nanosized layers in the elements of nonvolatile FRAM are demonstrated.     

Gravitational strings. Do we see one?

I present a class of objects called gravitational strings (GS) for their similarity to the conventional cosmic strings: even though the former are just singularities in flat spacetime, both varieties are equally “realistic”, they may play an equally important cosmological rôle, and their lensing properties are akin. I argue that the enigmatic object CSL-1 is an evidence in favor of the existence of GS.     

“Topological Censorship” is not proven

I show that there is a significant lacuna in the proof of the theorem known as “Topological Censorship” (a theorem forbidding a solution of Einstein’s equations to have some topological features, such as traversable wormholes, without violating the averaged null energy condition). To fill the lacuna one would probably have to revise the class of spacetimes for which the theorem is formulated.     

The speed of gravity in general relativity

The question is discussed of what is the speed of gravity (at the fundamental non-perturbative level). The question is important, if nowhere else, in discussing the problem of information “lost” in black holes. It turns out that the duly defined “gravitational signal” may generally be causal, superluminal and “semi-superluminal.” In the class of globally hyperbolic spacetimes, the latter two variants coincide. And if some (often imposed, but not always satisfied) conditions hold, the signals may be only causal. In this sense the speed of gravity does not exceed the speed of light.     

Extraction of Eu and Am with extractants based on carbamoyl phosphine oxide (CMPO)

The possibility of adding an HDEHP solution as solubilizer to a CMPO-diluent system was examined. In the presence of Zr in the organic phase, mixed complexes are formed in this case. They exert no appreciable effect on the dependence of the Eu extraction on the acid concentration but noticeably increase the extractant capacity.     

Reaction of melanocytes in vertebrate retina to the exposure to constant magnetic field

The influence of a constant magnetic field (strain 40 kA/m) on retina pigmentary cells of grass frog (Rana temporaria) and grey pigeon (Columba livia) eyes was investigated. Changes in the number and length of melanocytes appendixes were noticed accompanied by formation of thickenings in which melanosomes sized from 0.1 to 0.5 micron are moving. It is established that magnetic properties of eye retina pigmentary cells depend on the presence of Fe3+ in melanin. A theoretical model of paramagnetic receptor has been elaborated, according to which the induction of a magnetic field, formed by melanocyte, makes of the order 100 pT1. This value well compares with the size of magnetic field of a nervous impulse (120 pT1), extending throughout a nervous fibre of the frog sciatic nerve (Wikswo et al., 1980). This allows to suggest a possible unsynaptic way of transferring the information about the perceived magnetic field.     

Double-beam method of determining the thermoradiation characteristics of materials dissipating radiation

A method and optical diagram of a double-beam infrared spectrophotometer developed by the authors to measure the spectral and integral transmissivity and reflectivity of materials dissipating radiation are described. The results of measuring the transmissivity and reflectivity of samples of pinewood of different thickness in the 0.5–10.0 spectrum range are presented.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 688–695, April, 1970.     

Method of simultaneously measuring the double hemispherical thermal radiation characteristics of scattering materials

Methods of measuring the hemispherical reflecting and transmitting powers of radiationscattering materials, simultaneously or as a complex operation, on subjection to hemispherical irradiation are considered.